Polarization- and wavelength-selective photodetectors

Jestl, M.; Köck, A.; Beinstingl, W.; Gornik, E.

doi:10.1364/josaa.5.001581

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A grating can be used as an alternative to a prism to increase the in‐plane momentum of the incident beam in order to match that of the SPP offering compactness and manufacturing advantages over the latter. A corrugated metal surface or an array of metal nanowires on a metal‐oxide‐metal (tunnel) structure , a metal‐semiconductor (Schottky) structure , a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structure , or a commercial photodiode , have been investigated to implement SPP detectors (or solar cells ).…”

Section: Grating‐coupled Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface plasmon photodetectors and their applications

Berini

2013

Laser & Photonics Reviews

201

155

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Surface plasmon photodetectors are of vigorous current interest. Such detectors typically combine a metallic structure that supports surface plasmons with a photodetection structure based on internal photoemission or electron-hole pair creation. Detector architectures are highly varied, involving surface plasmons on planar metal waveguides, on metal gratings, on nano-particles, -islands, or -antennas, or involving plasmonmediated transmission through one or many sub-wavelength holes in a metal film. Properties inherent to surface plasmons, such as sub-wavelength confinement and their ability to resonate on tiny metallic structures, are exploited to convey useful characteristics to detectors in addressing applications such as low-noise high-speed detection, single-plasmon detection, near-and mid-infrared imaging, photovoltaic solar energy conversion, and (bio)chemical sensing. The operating principles behind surface plasmon detectors are reviewed, the literature on the topic is surveyed, and avenues that appear promising are highlighted.tection materials that are available. Properties inherent to SPPs are exploited to convey useful characteristics to detectors, such as polarisation, angular or spectral selectivity, or to improve their performance in terms of photoresponse, signal-to-noise or speed. The use of SPPs can also lead to small detectors, having dimensions comparable to those of highly integrated electronic elements. Several applications are targeted including low-noise or high-speed detection, single-plasmon detection, near-and mid-infrared imaging, photovoltaic solar energy conversion, and (bio)chemical sensing.Progress on SPP detectors has been rapid, and interest on the topic is vigorous, prompting a review of this area (no review of SPP detectors currently exists in the literature). The objectives of this review are to describe the operating principles behind SPP detectors, summarise the literature, and highlight avenues that appear promising. The properties of propagating SPPs and general photodetection principles are discussed initially, followed by a review of the literature organised by detector type (then chronologically), beginning with prism-and grating-coupled detectors, followed by hole-coupled detectors, then by detectors involving nanoparticles and nanoantennas, and closing with waveguide detectors. Some detectors could be classified under more than one type (e.g., nanoantennas or nanoparticles); classification was based on what seemed to be the best fit. Although not exhaustive, the review is comprehensive and covers the breadth of the field. Avenues that C 2013 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 198 P. Berini: Surface plasmon detectors appear promising in terms of performance and application are highlighted throughout the paper and summarised in the last section. NotationAn e +jωt time-harmonic dependence is assumed throughout this paper. The relative permittivity is denoted ε r , and is written for a metal in terms of real and imaginary parts as ε r,...

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Section: Grating‐coupled Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A corrugated detector combines a semiconductor structure with a corrugated metal grating designed to couple incoming optical waves to SPPs. One such structure is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Grating‐coupled Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface plasmon photodetectors and their applications

Berini

2013

Laser & Photonics Reviews

201

155

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“…Investigation on the effects of light scattering, photon trapping, and absorption with the use of index-matching material may assist in improving the performance of these devices [142], [219], [221]- [223]. Photon propagation in a waveguide carries a specific polarization and as such NWs oriented along the direction of the waveguide will demonstrate varying coupling efficiency for different polarizations [34], [189], [224]- [228]. Hence, it is also important to optimize the polarization preference of both the waveguide and the NWs for optimum performance.…”

Section: Waveguide-integrated Si Nw Pdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Nanowire Photodetectors: Current Status, Future Challenges, and Opportunities

Logeeswaran

Nayak

et al. 2011

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

141

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Abstract-One-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures (nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanopillars, nanorods, etc.) based photodetectors (PDs) have been gaining traction in the research community due to their ease of synthesis and unique optical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Specifically, the physics and technology of NW PDs offer numerous insights and opportunities for nanoscale optoelectronics, photovoltaics, plasmonics, and emerging negative index metamaterials devices. The successful integration of these NW PDs on CMOS-compatible substrates and various low-cost substrates via direct growth and transfer-printing techniques would further enhance and facilitate the adaptation of this technology module in the semiconductor foundries. In this paper, we review the unique advantages of NW-based PDs, current device integration schemes and practical strategies, recent device demonstrations in lateral and vertical process integration with methods to incorporate NWs in PDs via direct growth (nanoepitaxy) methods and transfer-printing methods, and discuss the numerous technical design challenges. In particular, we present an ultrafast surface-illuminated PD with 11.4-ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), edge-illuminated novel waveguide PDs, and some novel concepts of light trapping to provide a full-length discussion on the topics of: 1) low-resistance contact and interfaces for NW integration; 2) high-speed design and impedance matching; and 3) CMOS-compatible massmanufacturable device fabrication. Finally, we offer a brief outlook into the future opportunities of NW PDs for consumer and military application.

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“…The coupling condition of dispersive SPPs depends on the periodicity of the grating and the angle of incidence and the polarization state of the incoming light [ 18 ]. The advantages of Bragg SPPs, such as easy excitation, the angular dependent coupling condition, polarization sensitivity, as well as the field enhancements, are widely used in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], for surface plasmon coupled light emission [ 23 ], in photo detectors [ 11 , 24 ] and in plasmonic solar cells [ 12 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector

et al. 2020

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Utilizing Bragg surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal nanostructures for the use in optical devices has been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the integration of nanostructured metal electrodes into an ITO-free thin film bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, by direct fabrication on a nanoimprinted substrate. The nanostructured device shows interesting optical and electrical behavior, depending on angle and polarization of incidence and the side of excitation. Remarkably, for incidence through the top electrode, a dependency on linear polarization and angle of incidence can be observed. We show that these peculiar characteristics can be attributed to the excitation of dispersive and non-dispersive Bragg SPPs on the metal–dielectric interface on the top electrode and compare it with incidence through the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the optical and electrical response can be controlled by the organic photoactive material, the nanostructures, the materials used for the electrodes and the epoxy encapsulation. Our device can be used as a detector, which generates a direct electrical readout and therefore enables the measuring of the angle of incidence of up to 60° or the linear polarization state of light, in a spectral region, which is determined by the active material. Our results could furthermore lead to novel organic Bragg SPP-based sensor for a number of applications.

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Polarization- and wavelength-selective photodetectors

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Surface plasmon photodetectors and their applications

Surface plasmon photodetectors and their applications

A Perspective on Nanowire Photodetectors: Current Status, Future Challenges, and Opportunities

Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector

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