Polarization and Collision-Induced Coherence in the Beam-Foil Light Source

Relative and absolute level populations in beam-foil—excited neutral helium

“…Recently, elliptical polarization corresponding to orientation of beam ions has been observed with tilted foils (30). X-rays and Auger elec trons have been observed (31,32), indicating that inner shell excita tions as well as outer shell excitations occur.…”

Beam-Foil Spectroscopy

“…The orientation by tilted foils can be significantly higher, as observed by Berry et al (1974a), Liu et al (1974), Brooks & Pinnington (1978, Pedrazzini et al (1978) , and Burns et al (1979). In Figure 9, we show some examples of Stokes parameter measurements from thin foils.…”

Orientation of 1s electrons using tilted foils

“…Many different methods are employed for producing beams of oriented ions, such as direct optical pumping [3], scattering off of magnetic surfaces [4], transmission through magnetic layers [5,6], charge exchange in spin-polarized targets [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], transmission through tilted foils [15][16][17][18][19][20], scattering from inclined surfaces [21][22][23][24] and use of multitilted foils or surfaces [21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Of these the least expensive and most universally applicable are the methods involving tilted foils and surfaces [32].…”