Polarity Independent Effects of Cerebellar tDCS on Short Term Ankle Visuomotor Learning

Shah, Bhakti; Nguyen, Tai Van; Madhavan, Sangeetha

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.04.008

Cited by 72 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All participants performed a visuomotor task using ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion during anodal/sham tDCS. This motor task has been explained previously (Madhavan and Stinear 2010; Shah et al 2013; Sriraman et al 2014). In brief, participants were seated comfortably with their non-dominant foot attached to a custom made ankle tracker device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on ankle reaction time in young adults

Devanathan

Madhavan

2015

Exp Brain Res

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical excitability and influences motor behavior. There is limited information available regarding the effects of anodal tDCS on lower limb reaction time. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of anodal tDCS on lower limb simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT). We probed this question further by examining the effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on an upper limb RT task and a cognitive measure. Fourteen healthy young adults received anodal tDCS and sham tDCS to the lower limb M1 on two separate testing days in a counter balanced order. After stimulation we assessed the effects of tDCS on ankle dorsiflexion SRT and CRT, ankle plantarflexion SRT and CRT, wrist extension SRT and CRT and the Symbol Digits Modality Test (SDMT). Anodal tDCS significantly improved response times from baseline for ankle CRT but not for ankle SRT or wrist SRT or CRT. A significant decrement (i.e. longer response time) was noted for the sham tDCS conditions. There was a significant difference between anodal and sham conditions for all RT tasks, suggesting that anodal tDCS improved RT compared to sham. No change in SDMT scores was observed for both conditions. Anodal tDCS appeared to differentially modulate ankle SRT and CRT, suggesting an influence of anodal tDCS on complex motor processes and/or the supplementary motor area (SMA). Absence of effects on wrist CRT or SDMT suggest a spatial specificity of the influence of tDCS. Anodal tDCS also appears to potentially negate the effects of fatigue or task-switching that was detrimental to RT in the sham condition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on ankle reaction time in young adults

Devanathan

Madhavan

2015

Exp Brain Res

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“…Online tDCS-mediated effects for visuomotor skill learning (non sequential) for both the upper (Antal, Begemeier, Nitsche, & Paulus, 2008;Antal et al, 2004;Foerster et al, 2013;Matsuo et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2015) and lower (Shah, Nguyen, & Madhavan, 2013;Sriraman, Oishi, & Madhavan, 2014) limb have also been investigated. Earlier work by Antal and colleagues (2004), showed that anodal stimulation of contralateral M1 or area MT/V5 (an extrastriate area that has been implicated in motion processing) applied during learning improved performance in a visuomotor tracking task when applied concurrently with training (Antal et al, 2004).…”

Section: Online Motor Performance and Skill Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation: A consensus and critical position paper

Buch

Santarnecchi

Antal

et al. 2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

296

267

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Motor skills are required for activities of daily living. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied in association with motor skill learning has been investigated as a tool for enhancing training effects in health and disease. Here, we review the published literature investigating whether tDCS can facilitate the acquisition and retention of motor skills and adaptation. A majority of reports focused on the application of anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor skill acquisition, while some evaluated tDCS applied over the cerebellum during adaptation of existing motor skills. Work in multiple laboratories is under way to develop a mechanistic understanding of tDCS effects on different forms of learning, and to optimize stimulation protocols.Efforts are required to improve reproducibility and standardization. Overall, reproducibility remains to be fully tested, effect sizes with present techniques are moderate (up to d= 0.5) (Hashemirad, Zoghi, Fitzgerald, & Jaberzadeh, 2016) and the basis of inter-individual variability in tDCS effects is incompletely understood. It is recommended that future studies explicitly state in the Methods the exploratory (hypothesisgenerating) or hypothesis-driven (confirmatory) nature of the experimental designs. General research practices could be improved with prospective pre-registration of hypothesis-based investigations, more emphasis on detailed description of methods and use of post-publication open data repositories. A checklist is proposed for reporting tDCS investigations in a way that can improve efforts to assess reproducibility.

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“…Like the upper limb adaptation work, cerebellar tDCS improved locomotor adaptation. Finally, visuomotor tracking and adaptation of the ankle was investigated with cerebellar tDCS (Shah et al, 2013). Consistent with both the upper limb and locomotor findings, individuals were able to better track a sine wave with flexion of their non-dominant ankle when they received tDCS over the cerebellum.…”

Section: 1 Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving forward: Age effects on the cerebellum underlie cognitive and motor declines

Seidler

2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

177

170

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Though the cortical contributions to age-related declines in motor and cognitive performance are well-known, the potential contributions of the cerebellum are less clear. The diverse functions of the cerebellum make it an important structure to investigate in aging. Here, we review the extant literature on this topic. To date, there is evidence to indicate that there are morphological age differences in the cerebellum that are linked to motor and cognitive behavior. Cerebellar morphology is often as good as -- or even better -- at predicting performance than the prefrontal cortex. We also touch on the few studies using functional neuroimaging and connectivity analyses that further implicate the cerebellum in age-related performance declines. Importantly, we provide a conceptual framework for the cerebellum influencing age differences in performance, centered on the notion of degraded internal models. The evidence indicating that cerebellar age differences associate with performance highlights the need for additional work in this domain to further elucidate the role of the cerebellum in age differences in movement control and cognitive function.

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Polarity Independent Effects of Cerebellar tDCS on Short Term Ankle Visuomotor Learning

Cited by 72 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on ankle reaction time in young adults

Effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on ankle reaction time in young adults

Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation: A consensus and critical position paper

Moving forward: Age effects on the cerebellum underlie cognitive and motor declines

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