Polarity detection base pulse insertion for active charge balancing in electrical stimulation

Ranjandish, Reza; Shoaei, O.

doi:10.1109/iecbes.2014.7047526

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, increasing the size of transistors causes amplitude variation of the current pulses through a stimulation phase which leads to a remaining charge on the double layer capacitor (C dl ) of the tissue model. This remained charge has to be depleted [6], otherwise it leads to tissue damage or electrode dissolution [7], [8].…”

Section: Litrature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-power digitally closed-loop electrical stimulator suited for low-pulse-width-stimulation

Ranjandish

Shoaei

2015

2015 23rd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering

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In this paper, a low-power and precise electrical stimulator is introduced in which no operational amplifier (OPAMP) is used. For electrical stimulations that have low pulse width, an OPAMP with high slew rate is needed which is power consuming. In this work, the OPAMP is substituted with a digital circuitry. A 100 KHz clock is also used to update the current of the stimulator in the stimulation phases in order to make the stimulator accurate enough. Producing such a clock needs only few micro watts. This stimulator is simulated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process, as well. The simulation results shows that this stimulator has only 0.056% charge mismatch in 1 mA stimulation current with a pulse width of 32 μs.

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Section: Litrature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-power digitally closed-loop electrical stimulator suited for low-pulse-width-stimulation

Ranjandish

Shoaei

2015

2015 23rd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering

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“…This can cause irreversible damage to the nerve tissue, corrode the electrodes, and produce toxic substances [13], [14]. Several charge balancing techniques have been used in many stimulator circuit designs for the long-term safe stimulation [15]- [18]. It is commonly known that the safe window range of electrode residual voltage that does not damage the tissue and electrode is ±50 mV [19], [20] or ±100 mV [21], and many stimulator design works aim to maintain the residual voltage within the safe window.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrode shorting technique is a method of literally discharging the residual voltage of the electrode by shorting the electrode between each stimulation phase. But this technique has imperfections according to the impedance variation of the electrode-electrolyte interface, stimulation current amplitude, and stimulation frequency [18]. If the impedance of the electrode-electrolyte interface is too high or the stimulation frequency is too fast, it is not possible to sufficiently discharge residual voltage before the next stimulation phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, if the impedance is too low, it can cause a large peak current that damages the nerve tissue. In the past few years, to overcome these drawbacks of the passive charge balancing techniques, many studies have proposed various active charge balancing techniques: pulse insertion [9], [15], [18], [19] and offset regulation [15]. The concept of each active charge balancing technique is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Implantable Neural Stimulator IC With Anodic Current Pulse Modulation Based Active Charge Balancing

Son

Cha

2020

IEEE Access

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Implantable electrical stimulators can be used to treat a variety of neurological disorders and restore paralyzed body functions. In electrical neural stimulation, the stimulator circuit with safe charge balancing is essential to minimize damage to electrodes and biological tissue. In this paper, an implantable current-mode neural stimulator for long-term safe electrical stimulation is presented. Anodic current pulse modulation active charge balancing technique is proposed to keep the residual voltage on the electrode within the safe window, which enables long-term safe stimulation. To ensure more complete charge balancing, the proposed active charge balancing technique can also be used with passive electrode shorting. Transistor stacking and dynamic gate biasing techniques can prevent the breakdown of standard MOSFET devices from high supply voltages, which enable the implementation of output current driver and charge balancing circuits without using HV process. The stimulator IC designed with 0.18-µm standard CMOS process can generate up to 1 mA of stimulation current and only consumes an area of 0.11 mm². Since all functions are implemented on-chip without using external components, the proposed stimulator IC is suitable for highdensity implantable stimulation applications.

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An active charge balancing method suitable for integration in the output-stage of electrical neural stimulators

Ranjandish

Jang

Schmid

2022

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

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Polarity detection base pulse insertion for active charge balancing in electrical stimulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

A low-power digitally closed-loop electrical stimulator suited for low-pulse-width-stimulation

A low-power digitally closed-loop electrical stimulator suited for low-pulse-width-stimulation

An Implantable Neural Stimulator IC With Anodic Current Pulse Modulation Based Active Charge Balancing

An active charge balancing method suitable for integration in the output-stage of electrical neural stimulators

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