Polarimetry of
            <i>Pinctada fucata</i>
            nacre indicates myostracal layer interrupts nacre structure

Metzler, Rebecca A.; Jones, Joshua; D'Addario, Anthony J.; Galvez, Enrique J.

doi:10.1098/rsos.160893

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…We then imaged the polarization of the transmitted beam, which in the most general case varied across the beam. This method is similar to the one used in a previous study , but with important differences: in this work we used longer focal length for the focusing and recollimating lenses (L 3 and L 4 ) so that the wavefront remained close to that of a plane wave as the light passed through the samples. The polarization analysis of the 2 studies is also different.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these optical effects are byproducts of a material that evolved for its mechanical properties, they can be used to study its structure. The birefringent nature of calcite and aragonite crystals stacked together in these shells makes them amenable to their investigation using polarized light . Here, we present the use of a coherent polarimetric imaging technique to explore the alignment of optic axes of the tablets composing the shells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Jones

Metzler

D'Addario

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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Nacre is a complex biomaterial made of aragonite-tablet bricks and organic mortar that is considerably resilient against breakage. Nacre has been studied with a wide range of laboratory techniques, leading to understanding key fundamentals and informing the creation of bio-inspired materials. In this article, we present an optical polarimetric technique to investigate nacre, taking advantage of the translucence and birefringence of its microcomponents. We focus our study on 3 classes of mollusks that have nacreous shells: bivalve (Pinctada fucata), gastropod (Haliotis asinina and Haliotis rufescens) and cephalopod (Nautilus pompilius). We sent polarized light from a laser through thin samples of nacre and did imaging polarimetry of the transmitted light. We observed clear distinctions between the structures of bivalve and gastropod, due to the spatial variation of their birefringence. The patterns for cephalopod were more similar to bivalve than gastropod. Bleaching of the samples disrupted the transmitted light. Subsequent refilling of the bivalve and gastropod nacre samples with oil produced optical patterns similar to those of unbleached samples. In cephalopod samples, we found that bleaching produced irreversible changes in the optical pattern.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Jones

Metzler

D'Addario

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…2012, Metzler et al . 2017) and has economic significance in the production of akoya cultured pearls (Otter et al . 2017; see Appendix).…”

Section: Pifm Imaging In Geochemistry and Environmental Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Chemical Imaging by Photo‐Induced Force Microscopy: Technical Aspects and Application to the Geosciences

Otter

Förster

Белоусова

et al. 2021

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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Photo‐induced force microscopy (PiFM) is a new‐frontier technique that combines the advantages of atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy and allows for the simultaneous acquisition of 3D topographic data with molecular chemical information at high spatial (~ 5 nm) and spectral (~ 1 cm−1) resolution at the nanoscale. This non‐destructive technique is time efficient as it requires only conventional mirror‐polishing and has fast mapping rates on the order of a few minutes that allow the study of dynamic processes via time series. Here, we review the method’s historical development, working principle, data acquisition, and evaluation, and provide a comparison with traditional geochemical methods. We review PiFM studies in the areas of materials science, chemistry and biology. In addition, we provide the first applications for geochemical samples including the visualization of faint growth zonation in zircons, the identification of fluid speciation in high‐pressure experimental samples, and of nanoscale organic phases in biominerals. We demonstrate that PiFM analysis is a time‐ and cost‐efficient technique combining high‐resolution surface imaging with molecular chemical information at the nanoscale and, thus, complements and expands traditional geochemical methods.

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“…The optical anisotropy in CaCO3 has been leveraged in polarized visible light microscopy to study macroscopic biomineral structure and formation mechanisms (8,9), and with imaging polarimetry to study crystal orientation uniformity (10,11). In the shorter wavelength regime, xray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) has been used to study the orientations of various polymorphs of calcium carbonates (12,13), and polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC) mapping using x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) has been demonstrated to quantitatively map crystal orientations in CaCO3 (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray linear dichroic ptychography

Zhou

Rana

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Biominerals such as seashells, coral skeletons, bone, and tooth enamel are optically anisotropic crystalline materials with unique nanoscale and microscale organization that translates into exceptional macroscopic mechanical properties, providing inspiration for engineering new and superior biomimetic structures. Using Seriatopora aculeata coral skeleton as a model, here, we experimentally demonstrate X-ray linear dichroic ptychography and map the c-axis orientations of the aragonite (CaCO3) crystals. Linear dichroic phase imaging at the oxygen K-edge energy shows strong polarization-dependent contrast and reveals the presence of both narrow (<35°) and wide (>35°) c-axis angular spread in the coral samples. These X-ray ptychography results are corroborated by four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) on the same samples. Evidence of co-oriented, but disconnected, corallite subdomains indicates jagged crystal boundaries consistent with formation by amorphous nanoparticle attachment. We expect that the combination of X-ray linear dichroic ptychography and 4D STEM could be an important multimodal tool to study nano-crystallites, interfaces, nucleation, and mineral growth of optically anisotropic materials at multiple length scales.

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Polarimetry of Pinctada fucata nacre indicates myostracal layer interrupts nacre structure

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Nanoscale Chemical Imaging by Photo‐Induced Force Microscopy: Technical Aspects and Application to the Geosciences

X-ray linear dichroic ptychography

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