Polarimetric Scattering from Two-Dimensional Dielectric Rough Sea Surface with a Ship-Induced Kelvin Wake

Abstract

Based on the polarimetric scattering model of second-order small-slope approximation (SSA-II) with tapered wave incidence for reducing the edge effect caused by limited surface size, monostatic and bistatic polarimetric scattering signatures of two-dimensional dielectric rough sea surface with a ship-induced Kelvin wake is investigated in detail by comparison with those of sea surface without ship wake. The emphasis of this paper is on an investigation of depolarized scattering and enhanced backscattering of sea surface with a ship wake that changes the sea surface geometric structure especially for low wind conditions. Numerical simulations show that in the plane of incidence rough sea surface scattering is dominated by copolarized scattering rather than cross-polarized scattering and that under low wind conditions a larger ship speed gives rise to stronger enhanced backscattering and enhanced depolarized scattering. For both monostatic and bistatic configuration, simulation results indicate that electromagnetic scattering signatures in the presence of a ship wake dramatically differ from those without ship wake, which may serve as a basis for the detection of ships in marine environment.

Depolarization of surface scattering in polarized laser scattering detection for machined silicon wafers

“…However, in the case of sharp incident angles, GO is based on the specular reflection without taking the multi-scattering into consideration, which leads to a calculated scattering that is independent of the polarization of the incident beam. For the surfaces with intermediate roughness scales, there are many methods available, such as the two-scale model (TSM), and the small slope approximation (SSA) [26]. However, the surfaces with intermediate roughness scales generally refer to natural interfaces or sea surface [25], rather than the machined silicon surface.…”

Electromagnetic Scattering by Multiple Columns Partially Buried in a Ground Plane

“…The methods of solving scattering problems are plenty, such as the Kirchhoff approximation (KA) [8], small perturbation method (SPM) [9], small slope approximation (SSA) [10], the Method of Moment (MoM) [11], the Finite-Difference TimeDomain (FDTD) [12], and finite element method (FEM) [13]. In previous studies, the composite scattering from the rough sea surface and single target under harmonic wave irradiation have been reported and various methods are used in these studies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, the scattering from rough land surface such as soil surface, sand surface, and periodic distributed target under pulse wave irradiation was considered rarely [21,22].…”