Polarimetric lidar signatures for remote detection of biological warfare agents

Richardson, Jonathan M.; Aldridge, John C.; Milstein, Adam B.

doi:10.1117/12.777833

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Stand-off detection systems are used to interrogate atmospheric composition, e.g., for the purposes of both environmental research, national security, and agricultural monitoring and have been engineered for both ground-based and airborne application (Buteau et al 2010;Christesen et al 1994;Gelbwach and Birnbaum 1973;Joshi et al 2013;Richardson, Aldridge, and Milstein 2008). Their advantages over point detectors are principally due to the ability to scan wide areas, e.g., tens of kilometers, with high spatial resolution (e.g., meters) in RT and with no need to physically reach the target.…”

Section: Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time sensing of bioaerosols: Review and current perspectives

Huffman

Perring

Savage

et al. 2019

Aerosol Science and Technology

181

138

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Detection of bioaerosols, or primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), has become increasingly important for a wide variety of research communities and scientific questions. In particular, real-time (RT) techniques for autonomous, online detection and characterization of PBAP properties in both outdoor and indoor environments are becoming more commonplace and have opened avenues of research. With advances in technology, however, come challenges to standardize practices so that results are both reliable and comparable across technologies and users. Here, we present a critical review of major RT instrument classes that have been applied to PBAP research, especially with respect to environmental science, allergy monitoring, agriculture, public health, and national security. Eight major classes of RT techniques are covered, including the following: (i) fluorescence spectroscopy, (ii) elastic scattering, microscopy, and holography, (iii) Raman spectroscopy, (iv) mass spectrometry, (v) breakdown spectroscopy, (vi) remote sensing, (vii) microfluidic techniques, and (viii) paired aqueous techniques. For each class of technology we present technical limitations, misconceptions, and pitfalls, and also summarize best practices for operation, analysis, and reporting. The final section of the article presents pressing scientific questions and grand challenges for RT sensing of PBAP as well as recommendations for future work to encourage high-quality results and increased cross-community collaboration.

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Section: Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time sensing of bioaerosols: Review and current perspectives

Huffman

Perring

Savage

et al. 2019

Aerosol Science and Technology

181

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These signatures are expressed as angle-dependent Mueller scattering matrices, which can be represented as a collection of 6 unique plots, each showing an element of the Mueller matrix vs. scattering angle. 13 It is common to normalize the unique elements by the scatter function (M 11 ), except for M 11 itself. There are this six resulting plots that give all the necessary scattering information as shown below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously presented SAAST measurements of bacterial spores 13 . These measurements were uncalibrated and allowed only for the determination of the Mueller scattering matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol elastic scatter signatures in the near- and mid-wave IR spectral regions

et al. 2009

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An essential milestone in the development of lidar for biological aerosol detection is accurate characterization of agent, simulant, and interferent scattering signatures. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed the Standoff Aerosol Active Signature Testbed (SAAST) to further this task, with particular emphasis on the near-and mid-wave infrared.Spectrally versatile and polarimetrically comprehensive, the SAAST can measure an aerosol sample's full Mueller Matrix across multiple elastic scattering angles for comparison to model predictions. A single tunable source covers the 1.35-5 m spectral range, and waveband-specific optics and photoreceivers can generate and analyze all six classic polarization states. The SAAST is highly automated for efficient and consistent measurements, and can accommodate a wide angular scatter range, including oblique angles for sample characterization and very near backscatter for lidar performance evaluation. This paper presents design details and selected results from recent measurements.

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“…Len1 is stationary, while Len2 could be moved through a slide rail to adjust the divergence angle of the laser. 15 Especially for ellipsoidal particles, which is usually seen as the simplified model of the complex-surface particles, the depolarization factor reflects the aspect ratio. Then the laser is reflected to a coaxial system by 2 aluminum substrate mirrors.…”

Section: Instrument Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact 405-nm random-modulation continuous wave lidar for standoff biological warfare detection

Yang

et al. 2015

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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A compact bioaerosol standoff system was developed and tested for bio warfare agent stimulant aerosol detection. It used a continuous-wave semiconductor laser diode with an output power of 100 mW and a wavelength of 405 nm. It was modulated with a pseudorandom code at 100 MHz to provide the 1.5 m range resolution for both scattering and fluorescence detection. A 200-mm-diameter Cassegrain telescope and four photon-counting detection channels centered at 405 nm (two polarization detection channels), 450 nm, and 530 nm constituted the optical receiver. A field-programmable gate array chip was controlled to generate the laser driver signal and record four synchronized channel signals. Field tests were performed with stimulant aerosols of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast. The detected biological warfare stimulant aerosol lidar was released at ranges of several hundred meters. The preliminary result showed that the fluorescence channel detected the stimulants at ranges up to 90 m and the elastic scattering channel up to 200 m.

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Polarimetric lidar signatures for remote detection of biological warfare agents

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Real-time sensing of bioaerosols: Review and current perspectives

Real-time sensing of bioaerosols: Review and current perspectives

Aerosol elastic scatter signatures in the near- and mid-wave IR spectral regions

Compact 405-nm random-modulation continuous wave lidar for standoff biological warfare detection

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