Polarimetric angular smoothing algorithm for an electromagnetic vector-sensor array

Spatial polarimetric time-frequency distribution based DOA estimation: combining ESPRIT with MUSIC

“…Polarization sensitive elements can receive six electromagnetic components most at the same time, but there will be some redundancy. By the relationship between the electric and magnetic field, a part of the components can be selected to form the element, but the polarization information of the electromagnetic wave signals can be obtained at least two components [16]. Therefore, it is usual to form a uniform linear array with orthogonal cross dipoles, as shown in Fig.…”

A novel spatially spread electromagnetic vector sensor for high-accuracy 2-D DOA estimation

“…It generally used three orthogonal-electric-dipoles and magnetic-loops to measure the three electric-field-and three magnetic-field-parameters of the incident signals, respectively. Owing to numerous advantages over conventional scalar-sensor arrays (CSSAs), EMVS has been extensively investigated to solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation B Guimei Zheng zheng-gm@163.com (Ho et al 1995;Tan et al 1996a, b;Guo et al 2011;Wong and Zoltowski 1997;Nehorai and Tichavsky 1999;Ko et al 2002;Yuan 2012b;Zoltowski and Wong 2000a, b;Wong and Zoltowski 2000a, b;Yuan et al 2012a, b;Yuan 2012a, c;Bihan and Mars 2004;Miron et al 2006;Bihan et al 2007;Gong et al 2011aGong et al , 2008Gong et al , 2011bLiang et al 2009;He and Liu 2009;Yuan 2012d;Rahamim et al 2004;Xu and Liu 2007;He et al 2010;Gong et al 2011c;Gu et al 2013) during the past two decades. First, the spatial collocation of an EMVS guarantees no phase delay, and hence makes its manifold independent of sources frequencies.…”

“…In addition, an ESPRIT-based algorithm for finding the DOA and polarization of a completely-polarized polynomial-phase signal of an arbitrary degree was introduced in Yuan (2012d). References Rahamim et al (2004), Xu and Liu (2007), He et al (2010) and Gong et al (2011c) solved the problem of coherent/fully correlated source localization with polarimetric smoothing technique, which was applicable to arbitrary array geometries without decreasing the effective array aperture. Reference Gu et al (2013) combined the advantages of MIMO radar with the polarization diversity offered by EMVS to improve the accuracy of source localizations, resulting in automatic azimuth-elevation and no restrictions on the localization of transmit antennas.…”

Direction of arrival estimation with a sparse uniform array of orthogonally oriented and spatially separated dipole‐triads

“…Many DOA estimation methods usable for conventional scalar arrays (CSAs) have been extended to PSA, such as estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) [4][5][6], multiple signal classification (MUSIC) [7][8][9][10], maximum likelihood (ML) [11][12][13] and so on. Besides the conventional super-resolution algorithms, there are some specific DOA estimation algorithms for PSA, such as (i) vector cross-product DOA estimator for PSA composed of electromagnetic vector-sensor (EMVS) [1,14], which has smaller computational complexity and easier implementation than those of super-resolution algorithms; (ii) a decorrelation technique, that is, polarisation smoothing algorithm for coherent source's DOA estimation, which is applicable to arbitrary array structure and does not decrease the effective array aperture [13,[15][16][17]; (iii) multi-nions algebra-based super-resolution algorithms [8,9,[17][18][19], which are more robust to modellisation errors and coherent noise compared with conventional super-resolution algorithms; (iv) moreover, [20] shows how a dipole or a loop triad by itself suffices for multisource azimuth/elevation direction finding and polarisation estimation. Based on the framework of complex-valued non-orthogonal joint diagonalisation algorithms, [21] presents a novel strategy to exploit the multi-dimensional structure present in the second-order statistics of EMVS outputs for simultaneous DOA and polarisation estimation.…”

“…However, the DOA estimation performance of the algorithms in [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] will be degraded greatly [22] in the implementation because these studies [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are based on spatially collocated polarised antenna and it has strong mutual coupling effect. It is obvious that spatially separated polarised antenna has weaker mutual coupling than that of spatially collocated polarised antenna.…”