Polar Paths of Diffusion across Plant Cuticles: New Evidence for an Old Hypothesis

Schreiber, Lukas

doi:10.1093/aob/mci122

Cited by 250 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The presence of more stomata in susceptible plants is also an indication of faster uptake of the herbicide in this biotype. It´s know that herbicide absorption via stomata is very limited anddepends on the surfactants usage, but the cuticle on the guard cells is generally thinner and more permeable due to polar substances and are likely a route to herbicide penetration (Schreiber, 2005;Schönherr, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Sourgrass leaf anatomy influence glyphosate resistance?

Barroso¹,

Galeano²,

Albrecht³

et al. 2015

Com. Sci.

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Sourgrass(Digitaria insularis, L. Mez ex Ekman)is a weed that requires high rates of glyphosate ((N-[phosphonomethyl]-glycine) forcontrol, verylittle of the herbicide applied isabsorbed by theleaves. Morphological and histological differences in leaves of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible plantsshould explain the contrast of variance between herbicide susceptibility. Leaves of different growth andphenological stages were collected and submitted to histological andelectron microscopy scanning analysis. Those plants were also submitted to a glyphosate dose-response curve analysis. The results suggest thatbiotypes exhibits differences infoliar structures that can influence the uptake and translocation of glyphosate. A thinparenchyma, lesser distance amongvascular bundles, and higher phloem sizewere found in resistant biotypes (differences close to 10%). Minor stomata number and higher epicuticular waxy deposition in stomata and leaf surface were found in resistant plants when leaves came from regrowth, leading to a possiblelesser herbicide absorption. Resistant plants showed absence of trichomes in late stages of development (64% less trichomes than susceptible plants). The higher concentration of trichomes in susceptible plants can be an absorption pathfor glyphosate getthrough the cuticle.Keywords: Absorption, herbicide resistance, parenchyma,trichomes A anatomia foliar de capim-amargoso influencia na resistência ao glyphosate? ResumoO capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis, L. Mez ex Ekman) é uma plantadaninha que requer altas dosesde glifosato ((N-[fosfonometilo] glicina) para seu controle, sendo pouco do herbicida aplicado absorvido pelas folhas. Diferenças morfológicas e histológicas em folhas de biótipos resistentes e suscetíveis ao glifosato podem explicar a susceptibilidade diferencial ao herbicida. Folhas de diferentes estádios de crescimento de plantas foram coletadas e submetidas à análise histológica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Essas plantas foram também submetidas a uma curva de dose-resposta ao glifosato. Os resultados sugerem diferenças foliares que podem influenciar a absorção e translocação de glyphosate. Um parênquima menos espesso, menores distâncias entre feixes vasculares, e maior tamanho de floema no biótipo resistente em relação ao biótipo suscetível foram observados (diferenças próximo a 10%). Menor número de estômatos e maior deposição de cera epicuticular em estômatos e superfície foliar nos biótipos resistentes foram encontradas quando a folha veio do rebrote, levando a uma possível menor absorção do herbicida. Em biótipos resistentes encontrou-se aausência de tricomas nos últimos estágios do desenvolvimento (64% a menos do que os tricomas plantas suscetíveis). A maior concentração de tricomas em plantas sensíveis, podem ser uma via de absorção para o glyphosate por entre a cutícula. Palavras-chave:Resistência a herbicidas, absorção, tricomas, parênquima

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Sourgrass leaf anatomy influence glyphosate resistance?

Barroso¹,

Galeano²,

Albrecht³

et al. 2015

Com. Sci.

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“…The 3OC6-HSL, produced by Pss, a lipophylic species with a M r of 135, would have a relatively low mobility (10 Ϫ3.8 k*) through the cuticle as estimated by Buchholz et al (22). Others have noted that the mobility of polar compounds through the cuticle can increase up to 3-fold after absorbance of water into cuticular waxes when the relative humidity is increased from 0% to 100%, thereby increasing leaching of solutes through the cuticle (23). Thus, AHLs may be less likely to diffuse into the interior of plants through relatively dry compared with wet leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum size of Pseudomonas syringae is small and dictated by water availability on the leaf surface

Dulla

Lindow

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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The paradigm of bacterial quorum sensing (QS), which mediates cell-density-dependent gene expression, usually has been studied in high-cell-density planktonic liquid cultures or in biofilms in which signal concentrations accumulate to sufficiently high levels to induce QS. Presumably under conditions with restricted diffusion of the signal molecule, smaller population sizes could achieve such a state of QS induction. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, in which QS controls traits involved in epiphytic fitness and virulence, occurs on leaf surfaces in aggregates of various sizes. Because leaves often harbor limited surface water, we investigated the size of aggregates that would permit QS in a nonsaturated environment. QS induction was visualized via dual fluorescence of P. syringae cells harboring a transcriptional fusion of mRFP1 with ahlI, which exhibits N-acyl homoserine lactone-dependent transcriptional activity, and a constitutive GFP marker to account for all P. syringae cells on a leaf. Confocal microscopy revealed that, on wet leaves, no QS induction was evident within 2 days after inoculation, but it increased rapidly with increasing aggregate sizes >40 and 22 cells per aggregate by 3 and 4 days, respectively. In contrast, QS induction was common in aggregates >33 cells by 2 days after inoculation on dry leaves and increased rapidly with increasing aggregate sizes >35 and 13 cells after 3 and 4 days, respectively. These observations demonstrate that small groups of cells experience QS conditions on dry leaves where signal diffusion is restricted. Quorum size of bacteria in non-water-saturated environments such as on leaves is small, and QS induction may be commonly operative.aggregate ͉ diffusion ͉ quorum sensing ͉ epiphyte ͉ bioreporter

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“…Also, morphological characteristics of plants like morphoanatomical characteristics of leaves (Lisek et al, 2002), stomata characteristics (Schreiber, 2005) and the presence of hairs on the leaves (Grangeot et al, 2006) could be responsible for the susceptibility of plants to herbicides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Cocklebur (<i>Xanthium strumarium</i>) Response to Nicosulfuron

Božić

Barać

SARIC-KRSMANOVIC

et al. 2015

Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj

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The response of two populations (CC1, 43. 59°N & 20.40°E; CC2, 44.46°N & 20.17°E) of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) to nicosulfuron was investigated both in field experiments and in the laboratory. Population CC1 had no history of treatment with any herbicide, while population CC2 was treated with ALS inhibitor herbicides for six consecutive years. In the field, plants were treated post-emergence with nicosulfuron (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g ai ha -1 ) at four true leaves. Visual injury estimation and vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight, leaf area) were recorded about month after herbicide application. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity in response to herbicide concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM was determined in vitro. GR50 values for vegetative parameters and I50 values for ALS activity were slightly greater for the CC2 than for the CC1 population, but the results confirmed that neither population was susceptible to nicosulfuron. Namely, based on results for fresh weight, the population CC1 was about 3.9 and 2.6-fold more susceptible to nicosulfuron than population CC2 in two consecutive years, but differences were not so prominent for other parameters (plant height, leaf area and ALS activity), ranging from 1.18 to 1.8-fold. The differences between population CC1 and CC2 could be attributed to inter-population variability in susceptibility to nicosulfuron or could be the consequence of repeated application of ALS herbicides to the CC2 population during the six previous years. Future investigations are necessary in order to clarify this dilemma.

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Polar Paths of Diffusion across Plant Cuticles: New Evidence for an Old Hypothesis

Cited by 250 publications

References 29 publications

Does Sourgrass leaf anatomy influence glyphosate resistance?

Does Sourgrass leaf anatomy influence glyphosate resistance?

Quorum size of Pseudomonas syringae is small and dictated by water availability on the leaf surface

Common Cocklebur (<i>Xanthium strumarium</i>) Response to Nicosulfuron

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