Polar mesosphere summer echoes at Wasa, Antarctica (73°S): First observations and comparison with 68°N

Kirkwood, S.; Wolf, Ingemar; Nilsson, Hans; Dalin, Peter; Mikhaylova, Daria; Belova, Evgenia

doi:10.1029/2007gl030516

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The MARA radar is described in Kirkwood et al (2007). The Davis radar is described in Morris et al (2006) and Latteck et al (2007).…”

Section: Observational Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threshold was chosen so as to be well above the background noise at Wasa, see Kirkwood et al (2007) for details. The more powerful Davis radar can detect weaker PMSE than this, this is one reason why it is important to compare volume reflectivity and occurrence above a specified volume reflectivity threshold when comparing data from different radars.…”

Section: Day-to-day Variation Of Pmse Strength and Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sounding rocket measurements of the temperature at 68 • did not find such a large temperature difference between the hemispheres (Lübken et al, 2004a). Later PMSE measurements has also been made from Davis, Antarctica, (Morris et al, 2006 and Wasa, Antarctica (Kirkwood et al, 2007). Direct latitude comparisons have so far only been reported for the Northern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Comparison of the underlying physical process requires a proper inter-calibration of the different radars being used. To date only four such inter-calibrated comparisons have been published: Two hemispherical comparisons between Andenes in northern Scandinavia and Davis in Antarctica (Latteck et al, 2007;Morris et al, 2008), a hemispherical comparison between Kiruna in northern Scandinavia and Wasa in Antarctica (Kirkwood et al, 2007) and finally a study involving Andenes and Resolute Bay in . What these studies found was that for comparable geographical latitudes (Andenes (69.3 • N) and Davis (68.6 • S) the PMSE occurrence frequency and strength were significantly lower in the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes at two different latitudes in Antarctica

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Simultaneous observations of Polar MesosphereSummer Echoes (PMSE) at Wasa and Davis in Antarctica have been compared. Data with simultaneous observations were obtained for 16 days between 18 January and 5 February 2007. Wasa is at a higher geographic latitude than Davis, but at lower geomagnetic latitude. PMSE strength and occurrence frequency were significantly higher at Wasa. The variation of daily PMSE occurrence over the measurement period was in agreement with temperature and frost-point estimates from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura spacecraft for both Wasa and Davis. The diurnal variation of PMSE strength and occurrence frequency as well as the shape of the altitude profiles of average PMSE strength and occurrence frequency were similar for the two sites. The deepest part of the evening minimum in PMSE occurrence frequency occurred for the same magnetic local time at the two sites rather than for the same local solar time. The study indicates that PMSE strength and occurrence increase between 68.6 • and 73 • geographic latitude, consistent with observed differences in mesospheric temperatures and water vapor content. The average altitude distribution of PMSE varies relatively little with latitude in the same hemisphere.

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“…The MARA radar is described in Kirkwood et al (2007). The Davis radar is described in Morris et al (2006) and Latteck et al (2007).…”

Section: Observational Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Day-to-day Variation Of Pmse Strength and Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simultaneous observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes at two different latitudes in Antarctica

et al. 2008

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“…The current understanding of this phenomenon has been summarized by Rapp and Lübken (2004). PMSE have been observed at different stations, among others at Andenes (69 • N, 16 • E) (Bremer et al, 2003), at Tromsoe (69 • N, 19 • E) (Röttger et al, 1988), at Kiruna (68 • N, 21 • E) , at Svalbard (78 • N, 16 • E) (Hall and Röttger, 2001), and also in the Southern Hemisphere at Davis (69 • S, 78 • E) (Morris et al, 2004, at Halley (76 • S, 27 • W) (Jarvis et al, 2005), and at Wasa (73 • S, 13 • W) (Kirkwood et al, 2007). Latteck et al (2007) have found that PMSE in the Southern Hemisphere occur with a smaller reflectivity than those in the Northern Hemisphere.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of tides and gravity waves on layering processes in the polar summer mesopause region

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) have been studied at Andenes (69 • N, 16 • E), Norway, using VHF radar observations since 1994. One remarkable feature of these observations is the fact that during 50% of the time, the radar echoes occur in the form of two or more distinct layers. In the case of multiple PMSE layers, statistical analysis shows that the lower layer occurs at a mean height of ∼83.4 km, which is almost identical to the mean height of noctilucent clouds (NLC) derived from observation with the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar at the same site. To investigate the layering processes microphysical model simulations under the influence of tidal and gravity waves were performed. In the presence of long period gravity waves, these model investigations predict an enhanced formation of multiple PMSE layer structures, where the lower layer is a consequence of the occurrence of the largest particles at the bottom of the ice cloud. This explains the coincidence of the lowermost PMSE layers and NLC. During periods with enhanced amplitudes of the semidiurnal tide, the observed NLC and PMSE show pronounced tidal structures comparable to the results of corresponding microphysical simulations. At periods with short period gravity waves there is a tendency for a decreasing occurrence of NLC and for variable weak PMSE structures.

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Polar summer mesospheric extreme horizontal drift speeds during interplanetary corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and high‐speed solar wind streams: Coupling between the solar wind and the mesosphere

et al. 2014

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We report the observation of echo extreme horizontal drift speed (EEHS, ≥ 300 m s À1 ) during polar mesospheric (80-90 km) summer echoes (PMSEs) by the VHF (52 MHz) radar at Esrange, Sweden, in years of 2006 and 2008. The EEHS occur in PMSEs as correlated with high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs), observed at least once in 12-17% of all hours of observation for the two summers. The EEHS rate peaks occur either during high solar wind speed in the early part of the PMSE season or during the arrival of interplanetary corotating interaction regions (CIRs) followed by peaks in PMSE occurrence rate after 1-4 days, in the latter part of the 2006 summer. The cause of EEHS rate peaks is likely under the competition between the interval of the CIR and HSS passage over the magnetosphere. A candidate process in producing EEHS is suggested to be localized strong electric field, which is caused by solar wind energy transfer from the interaction of CIR and HSS with the magnetosphere in a sequential manner. We suggest that EEHS are created by strong electric field, estimated as > 10-30 V m À1 at 85 km altitude, exceeding the mesospheric breakdown threshold field.

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Polar mesosphere summer echoes at Wasa, Antarctica (73°S): First observations and comparison with 68°N

Abstract: [1] Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE)

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Simultaneous observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes at two different latitudes in Antarctica

Simultaneous observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes at two different latitudes in Antarctica

Influence of tides and gravity waves on layering processes in the polar summer mesopause region

Polar summer mesospheric extreme horizontal drift speeds during interplanetary corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and high‐speed solar wind streams: Coupling between the solar wind and the mesosphere

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