Polar Compounds from the Dissolution of Weathered Diesel

Lang, Dale A.; Bastow, Trevor P.; Aarssen, B.G.K. van; Warton, Ben; Davis, Gordon B.; Johnston, Colin D.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01260.x

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The polar compounds were typically found in groundwater directly within the source area and downgradient from biodegraded petroleum; therefore, it was concluded that they were most likely biodegradation metabolites. This finding was confirmed by Lundegard and Sweeney (), Haddad et al (), and Lang et al (). These studies showed that the concentration of polar metabolites, quantified as TPHd, typically ranged from 100s to 10,000s micrograms per liter (µg/L), with a maximum of about 100,000 µg/L.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Nature and Estimated Human Toxicity of Polar Metabolite Mixtures in Groundwater Quantified as TPHd/DRO at Biodegrading Fuel Release Sites

Zemo¹,

O’Reilly²,

Mohler³

et al. 2013

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polar metabolites resulting from petroleum biodegradation are measured in groundwater samples as TPHd unless a silica gel cleanup (SGC) is used on the sample extract to isolate hydrocarbons. Even though the metabolites can be the vast majority of the dissolved organics present in groundwater, SGC has been inconsistently applied because of regulatory concern about the nature and toxicity of the metabolites. A two‐step approach was used to identify polar compounds that were measured as TPHd in groundwater extracts at five sites with biodegrading fuel sources. First, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was used to identify and quantify 57 individual target polar metabolites. Only one of these compounds—dodecanoic acid, which has low potential human toxicity—was detected. Second, nontargeted analysis was used to identify as many polar metabolites as possible using both GC‐MS and GC×GC‐MS. The nontargeted analysis revealed that the mixture of polar metabolites identified in groundwater source areas at these five sites is composed of approximately equal average percentages of organic acids, alcohols and ketones, with few phenols and aldehydes. The mixture identified in downgradient areas at these five sites is dominated by acids, with fewer alcohols, far fewer ketones, and very few aldehydes and phenols. A ranking system consistent with systems used by USEPA and the United Nations was developed for evaluating the potential chronic oral toxicity to humans of the different classes of identified polar metabolites. The vast majority of the identified polar metabolites have a “Low” toxicity profile, and the mixture of identified polar metabolites present in groundwater extracts at these five sites is unlikely to present a significant risk to human health.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Nature and Estimated Human Toxicity of Polar Metabolite Mixtures in Groundwater Quantified as TPHd/DRO at Biodegrading Fuel Release Sites

Zemo¹,

O’Reilly²,

Mohler³

et al. 2013

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is consistent with results from other studies (Zemo and Foote ; Lundegard and Sweeney ; Lang et al. ; Zemo et al. ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This article is provided as a “technical note” contribution because the larger issue of polar compounds in groundwater at petroleum release sites has been published elsewhere (Zemo and Foote ; Lundegard and Sweeney ; Lang et al. ; Zemo et al ). This article focuses only on the SGC itself, and compares results from two different but commonly used SGC methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Shake and Column Silica Gel Cleanup Methods for Groundwater Extracts to Be Analyzed for TPHd/DRO

Zemo¹,

Synowiec²,

Magaw³

et al. 2013

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These peaks may include unaltered but also altered compounds (residues) which can, in moderate to extreme cases, produce a hump consisting of an unresolved complex mixture of residues evident in the chromatogram at higher retentions (temperature). Furthermore, depending on the way TPH is carried out, the extent of contamination may be underestimated in terms of the unresolved diesel residues resulting from biodegradation (Lang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Organic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tThere are tens of millions of contaminated soil sites in the world, and with an increasing population and associated risk there is a growing pressure to remediate them. A barrier to remediation is the lack of cost-effective approaches to assessment. Soil contaminants include a wide range of natural and synthetic metallic and organic compounds and minerals thus making analytical costs potentially very large. Further, soil contaminants show a large degree of spatial variation which increases the burden on sampling costs. This paper reviews potentially cost-effective methods for measurement, sampling design, and assessment. Current tiered investigation approaches and sampling strategies can be improved by using new technologies such as proximal sensing. Design of sampling can be aided by on-the-go proximal soil sensing; and expedited by subsequent adaptive spatially optimal sampling and prediction procedures enabled by field spectroscopic methods and advanced geostatistics. Field deployment of portable Visible & Near Infrared [wavelength 400-2500 nm] (Vis-NIR) and X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopies will require special calibration approaches but show huge potential for synergistic use. The use of mid-infrared spectroscopy [wavelength 2500-25,000 nm, wavenumber 4000-400 cm −1 ] (MIR) for field implementation requires further adaptive research. We propose an integrated field-deployable methodology as a basis for further developments. Crown

show abstract

Polar Compounds from the Dissolution of Weathered Diesel

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Nature and Estimated Human Toxicity of Polar Metabolite Mixtures in Groundwater Quantified as TPHd/DRO at Biodegrading Fuel Release Sites

Nature and Estimated Human Toxicity of Polar Metabolite Mixtures in Groundwater Quantified as TPHd/DRO at Biodegrading Fuel Release Sites

Comparison of Shake and Column Silica Gel Cleanup Methods for Groundwater Extracts to Be Analyzed for TPHd/DRO

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About