Polar bonds induced strong Pd-support electronic interaction drives remarkably enhanced oxygen reduction activity and stability

Ultrafine Core@Shell Cu1Au1@Cu1Pd3 Nanodots Synergized with 3D Porous N-Doped Graphene Nanosheets as a High-Performance Multifunctional Electrocatalyst

“…As presented in Figure , the C 1s and N 1s spectra can be both deconvoluted into three peaks, and there are obvious differences in the electronic structures of both the C 1s and N 1s between Cu 1 Au 1 @Cu 1 Pd 3 NDs/NGS-A and NGS (285.80 and 287.50 eV for CN and C–N, while there are peaks at 398.68, 400.86, and 402.13 eV for pyridinic, pyrrolic, and quaternary N, respectively, which are quoted from our previous study for comparison), revealing a strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) between NGS and NDs-A. , This is quite different from our previously reported study, in which the metal–support interaction was too weak to affect their respective electronic structures . This can be ascribed to the annealing process and also the abundant N dopants in NGS, which can greatly strengthen the electronic interaction between the NDs-A and NGS in this work.…”

“…This can be ascribed to the annealing process and also the abundant N dopants in NGS, which can greatly strengthen the electronic interaction between the NDs-A and NGS in this work. Besides, this SMSI can also firmly fix NDs-A on the surfaces of NGS, thus improving the structural stability. , …”

“…(1) In regulating the size of nanomaterials and their dispersity on the support, (a) the uniform particle-size distribution can alleviate the Ostwald ripening of nanomaterials during electrochemical reactions and thus enable a high structural stability; ,,− and (b) the even dispersion of nanomaterials on the support can minimize the loss of surface active sites caused by the aggregation or mutual fusion of nanomaterials during electrochemical reactions ,,,,− and so on. (2) Alloying with different elements can (a) improve the utilizations of precious metals when alloying with cheap elements and thus reduce the material cost ,,,,− ,− and (b) regulate the crystal structure, electronic structure, and surface physicochemical properties of nanomaterials to enhance the electrocatalytic performance ,,,,,,,− ,− and so on.…”

“…(4) In developing the special nanostructure for nanomaterials, (a) the core@shell nanostructure, especially those with low-cost cores and thin Pd-based shells, can not only improve the utilizations of precious metals and thus reduce the material cost but also regulate the crystal and electronic structures of the shell using the foreign-element core for improving the electrocatalytic performance, ,,,,,, (b) the composition-graded nanostructure has a similar effect as the core@shell nanostructure possessing a thin shell does, ,, and (c) the porous nanostructure can increase the mass-transfer rate during electrochemical reactions by regulating the density and size of pores ,,,,,,,,, and so on. (5) In employing appropriate supports, the support can lead to various effects on the nanomaterials dispersed on its surface, which include but are not limited to (a) regulating the electronic structure of nanomaterials through the strong interaction with the support, and because of this strong bonding, nanomaterials can also be firmly fixed on the support, ,,, and (b) the support can have a synergistic effect on nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes or porous graphene can enhance the mass-transfer rate during electrochemical reactions). ,,,, …”

Recent advances in nonmetallic modulation of palladium-based electrocatalysts

“…In comparison to the non-noble metal catalysts, Pt-based noble metals are still the state-of-the-art and most extensively used catalysts in the field of electrocatalysis as a result of their attractive catalytic performance and corrosion resistance, but their large-scale commercialization is greatly impeded to the scarce reservation and fancy price [6][7][8][9] . Thus, seeking non-Pt-based noble metals as an effective alternative has become urgently needed [10] . Pd, as one of the Pt group metals, with more bountiful reserves (2 to 3 times), similar electronic structure, and close catalytic performance of Pt, has been regarded as a significant research object [11,12] .…”