Abstract:There are two complementary ways to understand the model bias in climate simulations. One is via the observation-model difference, which is widely used in model evaluation as well as in model tuning during the development phase of the models (e.g., Flato et al., 2013). The other is based on the dispersion among different model results, which is also called intermodel spread or model spread. The small intermodel spread usually implies small model bias, but not necessarily so because of the existence of structur… Show more
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