Poisson Analysis of Streptococcal Bond-strengthening on Saliva-coated Enamel

Li, Mei; Ren, Yijin; Busscher, Henk J.; Chen, Y.; Mei, van der Henny C.

doi:10.1177/0022034509342523

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar results have been previously observed for other streptococcal strains. 26,33 It is important to note that Ti surfaces employed in this research are clinically analogous substrates and therefore, differences in force measurements caused by surface topography were minimized by obtaining force-curves in several representative areas of the samples. Additionally, these results further demonstrate that bacteria, such as S. sanguinis, can attach directly onto Ti surfaces without the existence of a previously formed biological pellicle.…”

Section: S Sanguinis-ti Adhesive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Additionally, values for short-range and long-range forces can be obtained by applying a Poisson analysis to the unbinding data observed at specific contact times. 26 Utilizing this approach, it is possible to quantify the values for both nonspecific and specific forces driving bacteria toward a surface of interest, and thus gain more insight on the underlying nature of bacteria-substrate interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing the nanoadhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to titanium implant surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Aguayo¹,

Donos²,

Spratt³

et al. 2016

IJN

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As titanium (Ti) continues to be utilized in great extent for the fabrication of artificial implants, it is important to understand the crucial bacterium–Ti interaction occurring during the initial phases of biofilm formation. By employing a single-cell force spectroscopy technique, the nanoadhesive interactions between the early-colonizing Streptococcus sanguinis and a clinically analogous smooth Ti substrate were explored. Mean adhesion forces between S. sanguinis and Ti were found to be 0.32±0.00, 1.07±0.06, and 4.85±0.56 nN for 0, 1, and 60 seconds contact times, respectively; while adhesion work values were reported at 19.28±2.38, 104.60±7.02, and 1,317.26±197.69 aJ for 0, 1, and 60 seconds, respectively. At 60 seconds surface delays, minor-rupture events were modeled with the worm-like chain model yielding an average contour length of 668±12 nm. The mean force for S. sanguinis minor-detachment events was 1.84±0.64 nN, and Poisson analysis decoupled this value into a short-range force component of −1.60±0.34 nN and a long-range force component of −0.55±0.47 nN. Furthermore, a solution of 2 mg/mL chlorhexidine was found to increase adhesion between the bacterial probe and substrate. Overall, single-cell force spectroscopy of living S. sanguinis cells proved to be a reliable way to characterize early-bacterial adhesion onto machined Ti implant surfaces at the nanoscale.

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Section: S Sanguinis-ti Adhesive Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the nanoadhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to titanium implant surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Aguayo¹,

Donos²,

Spratt³

et al. 2016

IJN

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“…Figure 1a shows an AFM force-distance curve for Staphylococcus epidermidis on glass with multiple peaks in the retraction curve. Considering each adhesion peak as an individual detachment event (2,5,8,10,26,27), each peak provides a specific adhesion force (F) according to equation 1, and the only variable for a given combination of bacterial strain and substratum is the number of short-range bonds (k). It should be noted that it is a tedious task to identify the minor peaks, since it is not clear a priori when a peak should be taken as an individual detachment event.…”

Section: Theoretical Background Of Poisson Analysis Of Adhesion Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that f SR is the strength of an individual short-range bond, and not the total short-range force, which equals the number of short-range bonds (k) times the individual short-range-bond strength (f SR ) (see equation 1). The number of short-range bonds can vary widely, and Poisson analysis indicated that about 12 bonds were formed between an Escherichia coli strain and a silicon nitride AFM tip (2), while a single streptococcus attached to stainless steel through 60 short-range bonds (26), a number that decreased to 3 or even fewer when the steel surface was coated with saliva (27). This implies that only a very few ligandreceptor bonds are involved in the adhesion of streptococci to saliva-coated surfaces, making it doubtful whether the formation of ligand-receptor bonds should be considered a random event, as is required in Poisson analysis.…”

Section: Theoretical Background Of Poisson Analysis Of Adhesion Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative, a statistical method, called Poisson analysis, was first applied by Han, Williams, and Beebe (19,43) to determine the magnitude of individual LW bonds between an AFM tip and a gold surface, as well as the strength of an individual AB bond between an AFM tip and a mica surface. Soon afterwards, Poisson analysis of AFM adhe-sion forces was used to determine the nature of the interaction forces between single molecules (25,34,41,42) and the nature of the forces mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces (2,5,8,10,26,27).…”

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Statistical Analysis of Long- and Short-Range Forces Involved in Bacterial Adhesion to Substratum Surfaces as Measured Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Chen

Busscher

Mei

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Surface thermodynamic analyses of microbial adhesion using measured contact angles on solid substrata and microbial cell surfaces are widely employed to determine the nature of the adhesion forces, i.e., the interplay between Lifshitz-van der Waals and acid-base forces. While surface thermodynamic analyses are often viewed critically, atomic force microscopy (AFM) can also provide information on the nature of the adhesion forces by means of Poisson analysis of the measured forces. This review first presents a description of Poisson analysis and its underlying assumptions. The data available from the literature for different combinations of bacterial strains and substrata are then summarized, leading to the conclusion that bacterial adhesion to surfaces is generally dominated by short-range, attractive acid-base interactions, in combination with long-range, weaker Lifshitz-van der Waals forces. This is in line with the findings of surface thermodynamic analyses of bacterial adhesion. Comparison with single-molecule ligand-receptor forces from the literature suggests that the short-range-force contribution from Poisson analysis involves a discrete adhesive bacterial cell surface site rather than a single molecular force. The adhesion force arising from these cell surface sites and the number of sites available may differ from strain to strain. Force spectroscopy, however, involves the tedious task of identifying the minor peaks in the AFM retraction force-distance curve. This step can be avoided by carrying out Poisson analysis on the work of adhesion, which can also be derived from retraction force-distance curves. This newly proposed way of performing Poisson analysis confirms that multiple molecular bonds, rather than a single molecular bond, contribute to a discrete adhesive bacterial cell surface site.Bacteria can adhere to various natural (33) and synthetic (11) surfaces, a phenomenon with widely different fields of application ranging from marine fouling, soil remediation, and food and drinking water processing to medicine and dentistry. In order to avoid the problems sometimes associated with bacterial adhesion, or to take advantage of it, better understanding of the mechanisms by which bacteria adhere to surfaces is required.Bacterial adhesion to surfaces can be approached by biochemical methods, by which the molecular structures mediating adhesion are unraveled (5, 18, 22, 31), or by physicochemical methods. Surface thermodynamic analyses of bacterial cell and substratum surfaces using measured contact angles with liquids have not only indicated when thermodynamic conditions are favorable or unfavorable for adhesion (1, 37) but can also be employed in combination with measured zeta potentials of the interacting surfaces to determine the nature of the adhesion forces that mediate initial adhesion, i.e., the interplay among long-range (Lifshitz-van der Waals [LW] and electrical double-layer [EDL]) and short-range (Lewis acid-base [AB]) interaction forces (35). Surface thermodynamic analyses of bacterial ad...

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Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials

Rahim

Döll

Stumpp

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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tious bacteria around dental implants may lead to the formation of biofilms, [3] which can cause mucosal inflammation, which is associated with peri-implant bone loss and peri-implantitis. [4] The ongoing tissue damage and bone resorption hinder the integration of the implant into tissue. Moreover, biofilms exhibit strong antibiotic resistance and are therefore impervious to therapy. [5] Biofilm formation is a stepwise process starting from the initial bacterial adhesion, followed by microcolony formation and finally maturation into extracellular encased mature biofilms. [6] Initial bacterial adhesion is the most critical step in biofilm formation and strategies targeting the inhibition of bacterial adhesion may be of therapeutic value. [7] Recent progress in understanding the nature and complexity of biofilms has led to the development of antibiofilm strategies. Since antibiotics remain the "gold standard" therapeutics, local antibiotic delivery systems have been applied to implant surfaces to prevent initial bacterial adhesion. [8] Even though most antibiotics resist bacterial attachment simply by killing the bacteria, they increase the chance that antimicrobial resistance may develop. [9] In addition, antibiotics may kill healthy microflora and their prolonged intake will result in systemic side effects in patients. [10] Moreover, metal ions as antimicrobial agents, such as cationic compounds, semi or fully synthetic peptides, or metallic nanoparticles (silver, copper, and zinc) have been coated on implant surfaces to prevent bacterial biofilms. [11] These metallic nanoparticles triggered toxic effects at the implantation site, as well as systemic effects in other organs. [12] In the context of antifouling coatings, polymeric coatings were applied on implant materials to resist bacterial adhesion and issues of severe biofilm formation. [13] One of the critical strategies involves applying poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to fabricate surfaces that resist bacterial adhesion against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus salivarius. [14] However, the fabrication of polymer coating involves a complicated process and the mechanism of bacterial resistance is not universal against each bacterial species. This ineffectiveness of coating could be mainly due to the complexity of the mechanisms through which bacteria attach Biomaterials may be colonized with infectious biofilms and this frequently leads to progressive loss of tissue. Bacteria encased within biofilms resist antibiotics and the host immune system. With life-threatening complications and the antibiotic resistance crisis, novel therapeutic approaches are essentially required to treat biofilm infections. Commensal microflora-particularly streptococci-modulate the immune system's ability to protect from pathogens. In imitation of this natural phenomenon, the present study describes a novel method of applying the commensal, Streptococcus oralis, as a coating on implants to prevent infectious biofilms. Implants are...

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Poisson Analysis of Streptococcal Bond-strengthening on Saliva-coated Enamel

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Probing the nanoadhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to titanium implant surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Probing the nanoadhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to titanium implant surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Statistical Analysis of Long- and Short-Range Forces Involved in Bacterial Adhesion to Substratum Surfaces as Measured Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials

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