POISONING OF CHICKENS AND DUCKS BY PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS OF <i>HELIOTROPIUM EUROPAEUM</i>

Hogg, Geoffrey G; Russell, Robb; Edgar, J. A.; Tence, I. M.; Rikard-Bell, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb14711.x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anisokaryosis and enlargement of liver nuclei was observed in both studies. The effect has also been frequently described for domestic animals in Australia after consumption of Lantana species (Pass et al 1979). Gopinath and Ford (1977) performed feed experiments with 7% dried and ground common ragwort in 1-week-old chickens for 6 weeks.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various herbs to eggs and meat in laying hens

Mulder

Witte

Stoopen

et al. 2016

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the potential transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), laying hens were fed for 14 days with diets containing 0.5% of dried common ragwort, common groundsel, narrow-leaved ragwort or viper's bugloss, or 0.1% of common heliotrope. This resulted in total PA levels in feed of respectively 5.5, 11.1, 53.1, 5.9 and 21.7 mg kg -1 , with varying composition. PAs were transferred to eggs, in particular yolk, with steady-state levels of respectively 12, 21, 216, 2 and 36 µg kg . Overall transfer rates for the sum of PAs were estimated between 0.02% and 0.23%, depending on the type of PAs in the feed. In animals slaughtered shortly after the last exposure, levels in meat were slightly lower than those in eggs, levels in livers somewhat higher. When switched to clean feed, levels in eggs gradually decreased, but after 14 days were still above detection limits in the hens exposed to higher PA levels. Similar was the case for meat and especially kidneys and livers. It is concluded that the intake of PA containing herbs by laying hens may result in levels in eggs and meat that could be of concern for consumers, and as such should be avoided. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various herbs to eggs and meat in laying hens

Mulder

Witte

Stoopen

et al. 2016

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clinical symptoms of ruminant PA intoxication include loss of appetite, diarrhoea and depression [ 28 ]. Livestock losses were reported in the United States due to livestock grazing PA containing plants of Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) [ 29 ] while PA intoxication of poultry, cattle, horses and pigs in Australia has identified PA containing plants Heliotropium europaeum (European heliotrope) and Echium plantagineum (Paterson’s curse) to be responsible [ 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ]. Calves fed with S. jacobaea in doses of 1.3 kg/day (3 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) PA) resulted in megalocytosis after 182 days [ 32 ].…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Detoxification Of Plant Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review

Loh

Ouwerkerk

Klieve

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal feeds may contain exogenous compounds that can induce toxicity when ruminants ingest them. These toxins are secondary metabolites originating from various sources including plants, bacteria, algae and fungi. Animal feed toxins are responsible for various animal poisonings which negatively impact the livestock industry. Poisoning is more frequently reported in newly exposed, naïve ruminants while ‘experienced’ ruminants are observed to better tolerate toxin-contaminated feed. Ruminants can possess detoxification ability through rumen microorganisms with the rumen microbiome able to adapt to utilise toxic secondary metabolites. The ability of rumen microorganisms to metabolise these toxins has been used as a basis for the development of preventative probiotics to confer resistance against the poisoning to naïve ruminants. In this review, detoxification of various toxins, which include plant toxins, cyanobacteria toxins and plant-associated fungal mycotoxins, by rumen microorganisms is discussed. The review will include clinical studies of the animal poisoning caused by these toxins, the toxin mechanism of action, toxin degradation by rumen microorganisms, reported and hypothesised detoxification mechanisms and identified toxin metabolites with their toxicity compared to their parent toxin. This review highlights the commercial potential of rumen inoculum derived probiotics as viable means of improving ruminant health and production.

show abstract

“…[2] On closer inspection, researchers found that the ill-thrift, ascites and degenerative lesions on the chickens, were the result of a commercial poultry feed containing heliotrine and lasiocarpine ( Figure 2): pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in the seeds of Heliotropium stenophyllum. [2] However, it is more alarming that many cases of liver disease and cancer in humans have been the direct result of pyrrolizidine alkaloid consumption. [3][4][5][6] This wide spread occurrence is not surprising since there have been recorded findings of pyrrolizidine alkaloids detected in wheat flour, honey and also cow's milk.…”

Section: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their appreciation is largely a result of the increasing number of deaths to livestock that has consumed plants rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids [ 1 ]. A memorable example occurred in Australia in the late 1970s, whereby a large number of chicken poisonings were reported [ 2 ]. On closer inspection, researchers found that the ill-thrift, ascites and degenerative lesions on the chickens, were the result of a commercial poultry feed containing heliotrine and lasiocarpine (Fig.…”

Section: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of the Glycosidase Inhibiting Hyacinthacine C-type Alkaloids: From Discovery to Synthesis.

Carroll

Pyne

2019

COS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The inherent glycosidase inhibitory activity and potentially therapeutic value of the polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloids containing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the C-3 position have been well documented. Belonging to this class, the naturally occurring hyacinthacine C-type alkaloids are of general interest among iminosugar researchers. Their selective micromolar α -glycosidase inhibitory ranges (10 – 100 μM) suggest that these azasugars are potential leads for treating type II diabetes. However, the structures of hyacinthacine C1, C3 and C4 are insecure with hyacinthacine C5 being recently corrected. Objective: This review presents the hyacinthacine C-type alkaloids: their first discovery to the most recent advancements on the structures, biological activities and total synthesis. Conclusion: The hyacinthacine C-type alkaloids are of exponentially increasing interest and will undoubtedly continue to be reported as synthetic targets. They represent a challenging but rewarding synthetic feat for the community of those interested in accessing biologically active iminosugars. Since 2009, ten total syntheses have been employed towards accessing similarly related products but only three have assessed the glycosidase inhibitory activity of the final products. This suggests the need for an accessible and universal glycosidase inhibitory assay so to accurately determine the structure-activity relationship of how the hyacinthacine C-type alkaloids inhibit specific glycosidases. Confirming the correct structures of the hyacinthacine C-type alkaloids as well as accessing various analogues continues to strengthen the foundation towards a marketable treatment for type II diabetes and other glycosidase related illnesses.

show abstract

POISONING OF CHICKENS AND DUCKS BY PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS OF HELIOTROPIUM EUROPAEUM

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various herbs to eggs and meat in laying hens

Transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various herbs to eggs and meat in laying hens

Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review

The History of the Glycosidase Inhibiting Hyacinthacine C-type Alkaloids: From Discovery to Synthesis.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About