Poisoning Due to Tetraethylpyrophosphate

Abstract

ALLERGENICITYTo determine the human sensitivity to bacitracin, ISO adults were patch tested with bacitracin ointment (1,000 units per gram of petrolatum) for forty-eight hours. All tested areas were negative for reaction.A fortnight later, 50 of these previously tested persons were retested by the patch method on the same or approximate sites for another forty-eight hour period. All test sites were again normal after the patches were removed.These results seemed indicative of low allergenicity and were subsequently corroborated by the occurrence of only 1 case of dermatitis of the contact type among the 138 patients subsequently treated with bacitracin ointment. This unique patient was not only allergic to the ingredients of bacitracin ointment (bacitracin and petrolatum) but also reacted violently to liquid petrolatum, soybean oil bases, olive oil, wool fat, lard,

NIOSH skin notation (SK) profile: tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) [CAS No. 107-49-3].

“…No epidemiological studies or occupational exposure studies were identified that investigated the potential of TEPP to cause systemic effects following dermal exposure. However, two case reports [Faust 1949;Reeder and Whittier 1961] were identified that indicate that TEPP has the potential to cause organophosphate poisoning via acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in humans, following dermal exposure. Faust [1949] reported a worker who was exposed to a pesticide solution containing 20% TEPP and 30% other related (ethyl) phosphates diluted in water (0.21 liters [L] to 3.78 L) that leaked during application.…”

“…However, two case reports [Faust 1949;Reeder and Whittier 1961] were identified that indicate that TEPP has the potential to cause organophosphate poisoning via acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in humans, following dermal exposure. Faust [1949] reported a worker who was exposed to a pesticide solution containing 20% TEPP and 30% other related (ethyl) phosphates diluted in water (0.21 liters [L] to 3.78 L) that leaked during application. The worker also ingested some of the pesticide solution because he sliced fruit and ate without washing his hands [Faust 1949].…”

“…Faust [1949] reported a worker who was exposed to a pesticide solution containing 20% TEPP and 30% other related (ethyl) phosphates diluted in water (0.21 liters [L] to 3.78 L) that leaked during application. The worker also ingested some of the pesticide solution because he sliced fruit and ate without washing his hands [Faust 1949]. Within 3 hours, symptoms of organophosphate poisoning, including loss of vision, tightness of the chest, cramping, and vomiting developed [Faust 1949].…”

“…The worker also ingested some of the pesticide solution because he sliced fruit and ate without washing his hands [Faust 1949]. Within 3 hours, symptoms of organophosphate poisoning, including loss of vision, tightness of the chest, cramping, and vomiting developed [Faust 1949]. Reeder and Whittier [1961] reported that two workers wearing protective clothing and respirators absorbed TEPP through their skin after prolonged contact of their perspiration-soaked clothing with a mixture of TEPP and agricultural dusting powders.…”

“…No epidemiological studies or animal bioassays were identified that evaluated the carcinogenic potential of TEPP following dermal exposure. Faust 1949;Reeder and Whittier 1961] indicate that TEPP is absorbed through skin, is systemically available, has the potential to cause AChE inhibition, and can be potentially fatal following dermal exposure. Therefore, on the basis of the data for this assessment, TEPP is assigned the SK: SYS (FATAL) notation.…”