Pointing the way to social cognition: A phenomenological approach to embodiment, pointing, and imitation in the first year of infancy.

Abstract

I have two objectives in this article. The first is methodological: I elaborate a minimal phenomenological method and attempt to show its importance in studies of infant behavior. The second objective is substantive: Applying the minimal phenomenological approach, combined with Meltzoff's "like-me" developmental framework, I propose the hypothesis that infants learn the pointing gesture at least in part through imitation. I explain how developments in sensorimotor ability (posture, arm and hand control and coordination, and locomotion) in the first year of life prepare the infant for acquiring the pointing gesture. The former may directly enable the latter by allowing the infant to experience its own body as being "like those" of others, thus allowing it to imitatively appropriate a broader range of adult behavior. My proposal emphasizes the embodiment of mind in the development of cognition, contrary to latent dualistic tendencies in some developmental literature. Public Significance StatementThis article proposes an embodied, phenomenological approach to understanding how infants learn to understand and produce the pointing gesture in the first year of life. Emphasis is placed on the role of embodiment and imitation and how developments in embodiment and imitative ability may facilitate more general advances in social cognition.

Human Expressions of Object Preference Affect Dogs’ Perceptual Focus, but Not Their Action Choices

“…Yet another limitation with using fetching to operationalize sensitivity for owner's preferences concerns the embodied nature of self-other representations, discussed with regard to imitation for children (Kee, 2020) and also dogs (Topál et al, 2006). Within this framework, it is crucial that fetching is not part of a shared motor repertoire (between humans and dogs) and hence the behavior by itself might prime a more egocentric response.…”