Point‐of‐Use Devices for Attenuation of Trace Organic Compounds in Water

Anumol, Tarun; Clarke, Bradley O.; Merel, Sylvain; Snyder, Shane A.

doi:10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0129

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Three of the 4 studies of organic contaminants we reviewed examined the effectiveness of POU filters in reducing levels of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including THMs, in drinking water. [23][24][25] Anumol et al 26 examined removal efficiencies for 16 individual trace organic compounds (TORCs), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic contaminants, by 2 refrigerator SBAC POU devices and a commercially available activated carbon pitcher. This study evaluated POU performance over the life of the filters and found that all were effective in reducing levels of TORCs initially by 70 to >90%.…”

Section: Organic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States

Brown¹,

Gessesse²,

Butler

et al. 2017

Environ�Health�Insights

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Numerous contemporary incidents demonstrate that conventional control strategies for municipal tap water have limited ability to mitigate exposures to chemicals whose sources are within distribution systems, such as lead, and chemicals that are not removed by standard treatment technologies, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)/perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). In these situations, point-of-use (POU) controls may be effective in mitigating exposures and managing health risks of chemicals in drinking water, but their potential utility has not been extensively examined. As an initial effort to fill this information gap, we conducted a critical review and analysis of the existing literature and data on the effectiveness of POU drinking water treatment technologies for reducing chemical contaminants commonly found in tap water in the United States. We found that many types of water treatment devices available to consumers in the United States have undergone laboratory testing and often certification for removal of chemical contaminants in tap water, but in most cases their efficacy in actual use has yet to be well characterized. In addition, the few studies of POU devices while “in use” focus on traditional contaminants regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act, but do not generally consider nontraditional contaminants of concern, such as certain novel human carcinogens, industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and flame retardants. Nevertheless, the limited information available at present suggests that POU devices can be highly effective when used prophylactically and when deployed in response to contamination incidents. Based on these findings, we identify future areas of research for assessing the ability of POU filters to reduce health-related chemical contaminants distributed through public water systems and private wells.

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Section: Organic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States

Brown¹,

Gessesse²,

Butler

et al. 2017

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…The occurrence of these compounds was observed in influent, effluent of sewage treatment plants and hospital, and surface water in Malaysia with concentration of metoprolol ranged from 25 to 364 ng/L [1][2][3]. Some studies have reported the abundance of drugs in groundwater, urban wastewater plants, rivers, hospital wastewater and lakes around the world, however, the median of metoprolol in river was 52 ng/L [4][5][6][7]. Although, the concentration of these pollutants is low in the environment, these pharmaceuticals may pose adverse effects on the organisms and humans due to long-term exposure [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Degradation of Metoprolol Using Graphite-PVC Composite as Anode: Elucidation and Characterization of New by-products Using LC-TOF/MS

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Metoprolol (MTP) is one of pharmaceuticals used for treatment of heart failure and hypertension. It was frequently detected in wastewater samples either influent or effluent. The application of graphite-PVC composite as anode was investigated for the degradation of metoprolol in the presence of strong electrolyte such as sodium chloride (NaCl). The degradation rate was strongly influenced by initial concentrations of metoprolol, NaCl concentration and applied voltage. An initial concentration of 2 mg/L was eliminated more than 95% after 30 min under optimum conditions; 5000 mg/L NaCl and 5 V. The consumption energy of the electrochemical reaction was 0.665 Wh/mg for metoprolol after 30 min. The kinetic rate constant of metoprolol could be ranged between 0.0016 and 0.0801 min-1. The electrochemical degradation efficiency of metoprolol and its by-products has been achieved. The degradation of metoprolol produced four transformated products as investigated and elucidated using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. The proposed degradation pathway of metoprolol was schemed on the base of the identified intermediates. Resumen. El metoprolol (MTP) es uno de los fármacos utilizados para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca y la hipertensión. Se detecta frecuentemente en muestras de aguas residuales, ya sea de afluentes o efluentes. Se investigó la aplicación del compuesto de grafito-PVC como ánodo para la degradación del metoprolol en presencia de un electrolito fuerte como el cloruro de sodio (NaCl). La velocidad de degradación depende de las concentraciones iniciales de metoprolol, la concentración de NaCl y el voltaje aplicado. Una concentración inicial de 2 mg/L de MTP fue eliminada con más del 95% después de 30 minutos en condiciones óptimas; 5000 mg/L de NaCl y 5 V. La energía de consumo de la reacción electroquímica fue de 0,665 Wh/mg para el metoprolol después de 30 min. La constante cinética de degradación metoprolol oscila entre 0.0016 y 0.0801 min-1. Se logró la eficiente degradación electroquímica del metoprolol y sus subproductos, ya que se detectaron cuatro subproductos electrogenerados según los resultados de cromatografía líquida - tiempo de vuelo/espectrometría de masas. La vía de degradación propuesta del metoprolol se esquematizó sobre la base de los productos intermedios identificados.

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“…It has been demonstrated for various chemical classes, including perfluorinated chemicals, that drinking water can be one of the most important pathways for human exposure . Even so, it has been estimated that only 40% of US consumers used any kind of water purification device in 2014 (Anumol et al, 2015). Certain chemicals are regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act, but these chemicals constitute only a small fraction of the number of chemicals present in drinking water (US EPA, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspect screening and non-targeted analysis of drinking water using point-of-use filters

Newton

McMahen

Sobus

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

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Monitored contaminants in drinking water represent a small portion of the total compounds present, many of which may be relevant to human health. To understand the totality of human exposure to compounds in drinking water, broader monitoring methods are imperative. In an effort to more fully characterize the drinking water exposome, point-of-use water filtration devices (Brita filters) were employed to collect time-integrated drinking water samples in a pilot study of nine North Carolina homes. A suspect screening analysis was performed by matching high resolution mass spectra of unknown features to molecular formulas from EPA's DSSTox database. Candidate compounds with those formulas were retrieved from the EPA's CompTox Chemistry Dashboard, a recently developed data hub for approximately 720,000 compounds. To prioritize compounds into those most relevant for human health, toxicity data from the US federal collaborative Tox21 program and the EPA ToxCast program, as well as exposure estimates from EPA's ExpoCast program, were used in conjunction with sample detection frequency and abundance to calculate a "ToxPi" score for each candidate compound. From ∼15,000 molecular features in the raw data, 91 candidate compounds were ultimately grouped into the highest priority class for follow up study. Fifteen of these compounds were confirmed using analytical standards including the highest priority compound, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, which appeared in 7 out of 9 samples. The majority of the other high priority compounds are not targets of routine monitoring, highlighting major gaps in our understanding of drinking water exposures. General product-use categories from EPA's CPCat database revealed that several of the high priority chemicals are used in industrial processes, indicating the drinking water in central North Carolina may be impacted by local industries.

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Point‐of‐Use Devices for Attenuation of Trace Organic Compounds in Water

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States

Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States

Electrochemical Degradation of Metoprolol Using Graphite-PVC Composite as Anode: Elucidation and Characterization of New by-products Using LC-TOF/MS

Suspect screening and non-targeted analysis of drinking water using point-of-use filters

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