Point-of-Care Tests for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The timely and accurate diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is crucial to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for PEDV. Studies published before 7 January 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases, using subject headings or keywords related to point of care and rapid test diagnostic for PEDV and PED. Two investigators independently extracted data, rated risk of bias, and assessed the quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The bivariate model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model were used for performing the meta-analysis. Threshold effect, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were applied to explore heterogeneity. Of the 2908 records identified, 24 eligible studies involving 3264 specimens were enrolled in the meta-analysis, including 11 studies on evaluation of lateral flow immunochromatography assay (ICA)-based, and 13 on nucleic acid isothermal amplification (NAIA)-based POCTs. The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97), 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–0.99) and 480 (95% CI 111–2074), respectively; for ICA-based POCTs and the corresponding values for NAIA-based, POCTs were 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91–0.99) and 1517 (95% CI 290–7943), respectively. The two tests showed highly comparable and satisfactory diagnostic performance in clinical utility. These results support current recommendations for the use of rapid POC tests when PEDV is suspected.

Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics

“…Recovery rates up to 75% from mouse feces with 0.75 mL min −1 throughput enteric diseases are also a common problem in modern swine farming and POC devices developed for veterinary use could be suitable for adaptation to human samples and diagnostic approaches. 329 In the following, considering the lack of literature on microfluidic devices specifically applied to POC clinical diagnosis of human GTI, we will extend our discussion to a selection of recent approaches covering pathogen detection from foodborne or nonhuman samples. Table 4 provides an overview of recent approaches for GTI pathogen detection.…”

Antiviral activity of chrysin and naringenin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection

“…The 3D chemical structures of chrysin in an SDF format (PubChem CID, 5281607) were retrieved from the chemical database PubChem available on the NCBI website 2 (33). The OpenBabel online software 3 was used to convert the SDF files of the ligands to PDB format. The ligands were prepared by detecting the torsion root, correcting the torsion angles, assigning charges, optimizing using UFF (Universal force field), and finally converting them to pdbqt format to generate 3D atomic coordinates of the molecules (34).…”

“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), one of the acute enteritis infections, is characterized by vomiting and watery diarrhea ( 1 ) and caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (genus alpha coronavirus, the order Nidovirales ) and has always been a limiting factor for the healthy development of the pig breeding industry ( 2 ). It usually threatened neonates’ survival rates, leading to the growth retardation of weaned piglets ( 3 ), which caused enormous economic losses for the global swine industry and international trade ( 4 ). PEDV is very destructive to the intestinal barrier of piglets and has a high mortality rate of 95% for those under 2 weeks of age piglets ( 5 ).…”

Development of Duplex LAMP Technique for Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV 2)

“…Among them, the conserved regions on the spike gene have been targets for the design of specific universal primers and probes in the development of molecular detection of PEDV isolates. In 2022, Li and coworkers published a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of lateral flow immunochromatography assay (ICA)-based procedures and nucleic acid isothermal amplification (NAIA)-based point-of-care tests (POCTs) for detecting PEDV [ 7 ]. Their study revealed that NAIA-based POCTs had a better diagnostic performance than ICA-based POCTs, and both tests showed acceptable diagnostic accuracy.…”