“…Rapid molecular tests for the diagnosis of TB with drug resistance detection, such as Xpert MTB/RIF (Ultra; Cepheid), Truenat MTB (Plus) (Molbio Diagnostics, Verna, India) and moderate-complexity automated nucleic-acid amplification tests (NAATs; Abbott RealTime MTB RIF/INH [Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA], BD MAX ™ MDR-TB [BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA], FluoroType MTBDR [Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany] and Roche Cobas MTB RIF/INH assay [Roche, Basel, Switzerland]) have been developed to provide a more timely result both for diagnosis and for drug susceptibility than phenotypic tests. 44 , 45 All tests can identify mutations associated with RIF resistance (in the rpo B gene that confer RIF resistance) and, in the case of Truenat MTB (Plus) and the moderate complexity automated NAATs, can also identify mutations associated with INH (in the kat G gene and the inh A promotor region), that is, these are able to detect MDR-TB. 46 , 47 In case of sputum smear-positive specimens or a cultured isolate of M. tuberculosis complex, commercial molecular line-probe assays (LPAs), such as the GenoType MTBDR plus (Hain Lifescience) and the INNO-LiPA Rif.TB (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium), can also be used to detect resistance to RIF and INH.…”