Poetics of Music in the Form of Six Lessons

Stravinsky, Ígor

doi:10.2307/j.ctv1n3x177

Cited by 129 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Finally, do constraints on Big C creativity have effects similar to those on little c creativity? Anecdotal evidence, some of which is reviewed at the start of this article, has suggested that constraints can be and often are also used for Pulitzer Prize–worthy literary composition (McPhee, 2013) and transformative musical creativity (Stravinsky, 1956).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progress in art does not lie in extending its limits, but in knowing them better” (p. 33). In a similar vein, composer Igor Stravinsky (1956) lamented the “anguish into which an unrestricted freedom plunges [him]” and believed that “the more art is controlled, limited, worked over, the more it is free” (p. 64). Modern graphic designer Paul Rand (1985) reflected on the role of constraints across a range of creative undertakings: The earth colors of Africa, the ice of the polar regions, the bamboo of Japan, are among the many challenging materials with which artists and artisans create their idols, their utensils, and their houses—all natural limitations which provide their own built-in disciplines which, in turn, contribute to the creative solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Green Eggs and Ham hypothesis: How constraints facilitate creativity.

Haught-Tromp

2017

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Two experiments tested the hypothesis that constraints imposed on a common writing task yield more creative outputs. In the 1st study, participants were asked to include a given noun in a 2-line rhyme for a special occasion. In the 2nd study, they generated their own nouns, which they then had to include in their rhymes. Both studies show a main effect of constraints on creativity and an interaction with order of presentation, which suggests a carryover effect: Mere practice with constraints can stimulate creativity. The Green Eggs and Ham model is put forth to explain the current findings and why Dr. Seuss’s best-seller, written using only 50 words, was such a creative and commercial success.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Green Eggs and Ham hypothesis: How constraints facilitate creativity.

Haught-Tromp

2017

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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“…Legal constraints contribute to maintain free societies, whereas syntax and spelling constraints enable human communication and the expression of highly abstract ideas. Stravinsky (1947) argued: ‘The more constraints one imposes, the more one frees one's self of the chains that shackle the spirit’ (p. 65). Other artists also argued that constraints encourage creative, freedom and invention (e.g., Valéry, 1964).…”

Section: Esteban and The Tamayos: An Application Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with complexity by using multilevel system boundary models

Pinzon-Salcedo

Bernal‐Alvarado

2021

Syst Res Behav Sci

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Increasingly, researchers and practitioners operate in complex systems difficult to comprehend. In them, the multiplicity of perspectives, elements and relationships operating on multiple levels makes the practice of systems thinking and boundary critique considerably difficult. Drawing upon boundary critique and hierarchy theory, this paper presents ways of thinking in terms of multilevel boundary judgements models useful for addressing the aforementioned problem in all fields of study. A real example of the use of these models is presented. This paper also discusses how thinking in terms of multiple levels of boundary judgements is important to better deal with values and moral frameworks and to promote critical reflexivity in systemic interventions, while escaping the dangers of reductionism. Furthermore, a systemic way of exploring the role of moral frameworks in systems practice is discussed, contributing with new concepts useful to develop a deeper understanding of ethical issues in systems practice.

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“…How did these programmers accomplish their task under such constrained conditions? Necessity is the mother of invention, and indeed it has been observed in many fields that there is a link between constraint and creativity (e.g., [55]). Retrogame programmers used many clever programming tricks to make their creations work, and there is an opportunity to dig these out, study them, and preserve this knowledge, essentially conducting "retrogame archaeology.…”

Section: Donald Knuth Famously Characterized Programming As An Art Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Entombed: An archaeological examination of an Atari 2600 game

Aycock

Copplestone

2018

Programming

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The act and experience of programming is, at its heart, a fundamentally human activity that results in the production of artifacts. When considering programming, therefore, it would be a glaring omission to not involve people who specialize in studying artifacts and the human activity that yields them: archaeologists.Here we consider this with respect to computer games. We draw from the nascent archaeological subarea of archaeogaming to carry out a digital excavation of the code and techniques used in the implementation of Entombed, an Atari 2600 game released in 1982 by US Games. The player in this game is, appropriately, an archaeologist who must make their way through a zombie-infested maze. Maze generation is a fruitful area for comparative retrogame archaeology, because a number of early games on different platforms featured mazes, and their variety of approaches can be compared. The maze in Entombed is particularly interesting: it is shaped in part by the extensive real-time constraints of the Atari 2600 platform, and also had to be generated efficiently and use next to no memory. We reverse engineered key areas of the game's code to uncover its unusual maze-generation algorithm, which we have also built a reconstruction of, and analyzed the mysterious table that drives it. In addition, we discovered what appears to be a 35-year-old bug in the code, as well as direct evidence of code-reuse practices amongst game developers.What further makes this game's development interesting is that, in an era where video games were typically solo projects, a total of five people were involved in various ways with Entombed. We piece together some of the backstory of the game's development and intoxicant-fueled design using interviews to complement our technical work.Finally, we contextualize this example in archaeology and lay the groundwork for a broader interdisciplinary discussion about programming, one that includes both computer scientists and archaeologists. ACM CCS 2012

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Poetics of Music in the Form of Six Lessons

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

The Green Eggs and Ham hypothesis: How constraints facilitate creativity.

The Green Eggs and Ham hypothesis: How constraints facilitate creativity.

Dealing with complexity by using multilevel system boundary models

Entombed: An archaeological examination of an Atari 2600 game

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