Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa

David, Andrew A.; Matthee, Conrad A.; Simon, Carol A.

doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Some species are poecilogonous, thus producing different types of larvae as described above, either by the same individual, or different individuals within the same population (Gibson 1997, Blake & Arnofsky 1999, Blake 2006. However, irrespective of the size at emergence from the maternal burrow, the larvae of most species metamorphose when they are 15 to 20 chaetigers and 900 to 1600 µm long (Blake & Arnofsky 1999, David & Simon 2014. This also coincides with the size at which larvae usually become too heavy to swim actively and sink in preparation for settlement (Hansen et al 2010).…”

Section: Larval Developmental Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, these larvae usual ly spend 3 to 4 wk in the water column (e.g. Blake & Arnofsky 1999, David & Simon 2014) which would increase their opportunities for reaching off-shore systems. Finally, planktotrophic larvae are usually active swimmers until they become too heavy and are ready to settle (Hansen et al 2010).…”

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, here the effects of a short planktonic phase and the great distance off-shore were further exacerbated by a small source population where only 1.7 to 2.7% of the samples were infested by a mean of up to 6 worms per infested shell (Buck et al 2005, Brenner et al 2009 Poecilogony Poecilogony is a rare reproductive dimorphism (Chia et al 1996. A perceived advantage to poecilogony for pest polydorids is that they may benefit from dispersal by the planktotrophic larvae to the off-shore systems, and the later development and maintenance of local populations by the adelphophagic larvae (Chia et al 1996, David & Simon 2014. However, the type of poecilogony could affect the ability of a species to become established in off-shore systems as a consequence of the final number of larvae that metamorphose.…”

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be a consequence of inter-sibling competition. In mixed broods of Boccardia proboscidea, planktotrophic larvae are often cannibalised by their adelpho phagic siblings, reducing the number of dispersive larvae entering the water column (David & Simon 2014). Furthermore, planktotrophic larvae in mixed broods lack swimming chaetae which may inhibit their swimming abilities compared to that of larvae from pure broods (Gibson 1997).…”

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Simon¹,

Sato-Okoshi²

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Species of the Polydora-complex (i.e. polydorids) are the most common shell-boring polychaetes found on cultured molluscs. However, which species become problematic depend on their ability to reach mollusc farms and flourish under culture conditions. We therefore hypothesise that the planktonic larval phases of pest polydorids on molluscs grown on-shore will be short (as is typical of adelphophagic larvae, which can maintain large local populations) while those of polydorids on molluscs grown off-shore will be long (as is typical of planktotrophic larvae, which can disperse long distances to farms). Principal component and discriminant analyses of information extracted from the literature partly supported this hypothesis by identifying larval developmental mode and pest species as contributing more to pest status than host species and culture mode, with differential influence on pest status in different situations and potential bias through incorrect identification of polydorid species. χ 2 analyses confirmed that pest status depended on host culture method and pest larval mode. Pest polydorids producing adelphophagic larvae in on-shore systems may reflect the development of large local populations on hosts with culture periods > 2 yr. The many records of pests in off-shore and near-shore systems with pest species producing planktotrophic larvae may reflect shorter host culture periods and the higher incidence of planktotrophy among polydorid species in general. Polydora websteri, P. uncinata, P. hoplura and P. haswelli are the most frequently recorded and widespread pest species globally, although the taxonomy of these and shell-boring P. ciliata and Boccardia polybranchia need to be clarified. The positive relationships between the numbers of alien shell-borers and pests, and the number of hosts cultured per country confirm that mollusc aquaculture is an important vector and reservoir of alien pest polychaetes.

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Section: Larval Developmental Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Planktotrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Simon¹,

Sato-Okoshi²

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…; David et al. ). Experimental observations show that both types of larvae have the capacity to feed on phytoplankton; a differential capacity to consume nurse eggs inside the capsule would then explain the two kinds of larvae (Smith & Gibson ; Duchêne ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nurse eggs and sibling interactions on the larval development of the poecilogonous annelid Boccardia proboscidea (Spionidae)

Oyarzún

Brante

2014

Invertebrate Biology

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In poecilogony, different types of larvae are produced within the same species. Previous studies have suggested maternal control of the production of larval types; however, it is not clear which factors or mechanisms generate contrasting developmental patterns among siblings. The spionid polychaete Boccardia proboscidea produces within the same capsule adelphophagic larvae that eat nurse eggs and siblings and complete all or most of their development inside the capsule (Type A larvae), and larvae with little growth until they hatch as planktotrophic larvae (Type B larvae). In this study, we manipulated capsule content to explore the factors determining larval type in B. proboscidea and the role of extra‐embryonic maternal nutrition and sib–sib interaction in the developmental fate of offspring. When early larval stages were grown individually in vitro, with nurse eggs as the only food source, some of them remained small, while others continue developing into larger pre‐competent larvae by feeding on nurse eggs. This suggests that larval types in B. proboscidea are determined very early in development and are not solely the product of sib–sib interaction inside the capsule. However, our data also suggest that hatching size variability within larval types of a clutch depends on nurse egg availability. Type B larvae grew normally to metamorphosis when phytoplankton was available, but suffered high rates of cannibalism by Type A larvae. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that individual larval fates are determined very early in development and that once their fate is determined, hatching size and intracapsular survival are affected by maternal food provisioning and sibling interaction.

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First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific

Radashevsky

Migotto

2016

Mar Biodiv

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Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

The effects of nurse eggs and sibling interactions on the larval development of the poecilogonous annelid Boccardia proboscidea (Spionidae)

First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific

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