Podocyte Dedifferentiation: A Specialized Process for a Specialized Cell

May, Carl J.; Saleem, Moin A.; Welsh, Gavin I.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00148

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although sometimes described as a specialized epithelial cell, the podocyte is a uniquely differentiated cell with some mesenchymal features (4,26). Diseased podocytes may exhibit actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, loss of the slit diaphragm, a more cuboidal morphology (27), and may dedifferentiate in disease along epithelial or mesenchymal pathways, termed 'podocyte disease transformation' (26). Podocytes have limited capacity for repair or regeneration, with podocyte loss being a feature of many conditions that lead to glomerulosclerosis (28).…”

Section: Podocytes: Critical To Maintaining the Filtration Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Players: Cells Involved in Glomerular Disease

Kitching

Hutton

2016

CJASN

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Glomerular diseases are common and important. They can arise from systemic inflammatory or metabolic diseases that affect the kidney. Alternately, they are caused primarily by local glomerular abnormalities, including genetic diseases. Both intrinsic glomerular cells and leukocytes are critical to the healthy glomerulus and to glomerular dysregulation in disease. Mesangial cells, endothelial cells, podocytes, and parietal epithelial cells within the glomerulus all play unique and specialized roles. Although a specific disease often primarily affects a particular cell type, the close proximity, and interdependent functions and interactions between cells mean that even diseases affecting one cell type usually indirectly influence others. In addition to those cells intrinsic to the glomerulus, leukocytes patrol the glomerulus in health and mediate injury in disease. Distinct leukocyte types and subsets are present, with some being involved in different ways in an individual glomerular disease. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems are important, directing systemic immune and inflammatory responses, locally mediating injury, and potentially dampening inflammation and facilitating repair. The advent of new genetic and molecular techniques, and new disease models means that we better understand both the basic biology of the glomerulus and the pathogenesis of glomerular disease. This understanding should lead to better diagnostic techniques, biomarkers, and predictors of prognosis, disease severity, and relapse. With this knowledge comes the promise of better therapies in the future, directed toward halting pathways of injury and fibrosis, or interrupting the underlying pathophysiology of the individual diseases that lead to significant and progressive glomerular disease.

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Section: Podocytes: Critical To Maintaining the Filtration Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Players: Cells Involved in Glomerular Disease

Kitching

Hutton

2016

CJASN

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“…28 Podocytes possess epithelial features, such as apical-basal cell polarity and tight junctions. Podocytes are anchorage dependent with a low invasive capacity.…”

Section: Podocyte Undergoes Emtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Podocytes are anchorage dependent with a low invasive capacity. 28 Epithelial markers expressed by podocytes include E-and P-cadherin, WT-1, and ZO-1 (Flow Chart 1 and Fig. 3).…”

Section: Podocyte Undergoes Emtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that podocytes undergo EMT upon noxious stimuli that are prevalent during various pathophysiological conditions, it has been proposed that the EMT of podocytes satisfies criteria of type II EMT partially. 28 The unique nature of differentiated podocyte further distinguishes them from the three types of EMT. Differentiated podocytes are spindle- shaped and arborized.…”

Section: Podocyte Undergoes Emtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition of Glomerular Podocytes: Implications in Proteinuria

Pasupulati¹,

Nishad²,

Nakuluri³

et al. 2017

MGM Journal of Medical Sciences

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The kidneys play an essential role in filtration of blood plasma, regulation of water, electrolyte, and acid/base balance of the body, and thus maintain overall homeostasis. The glomerular filtration barrier serves as a size, shape, and charge barrier to ensue glomerular permselectivity, so that kidneys excrete almost protein-free urine. Podocytes are glomerular visceral epithelial cells and significantly contribute to the glomerular permeability owing to their unique structure and specialized function. Nevertheless, podocytes are susceptible to various insults, including altered metabolites, aberrant signaling molecules, and mutations to critical proteins that otherwise ensue normal function. Podocyte injury is a predominant indicator of several glomerular diseases that are manifested by proteinuria. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the responses of podocytes to the noxious stimuli, which consequently results in podocyte depletion and proteinuria. This review discusses the importance of podocytes in normal renal filtration and details the molecular and cellular events that lead to EMT of podocytes vis-à-vis impaired glomerular filtration.

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“…Therefore, adult PECs and podocytes still share a common transcriptional program and post-translational mechanisms are involved in maintaining PECs in a less differentiated state than podocytes. It is therefore conceivable that marker proteins attributed as being PEC-specific are expressed by podocytes in the course of injury-induced dedifferentiation as is the case for mesenchymal markers under the influence of TGFβ [72] or in a model of FSGS in mice with genetically tagged podocytes [73] and that this changed protein expression pattern is not a sign of podocyte regeneration from PECs.…”

Section: Renal Progenitor Cells In the Glomerulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Renal Progenitors in Renal Regeneration

Meyer-Schwesinger¹

2016

Nephron

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The adult kidney has a remarkable ability to survive injury and restore function despite a limited turnover of cells under physiologic conditions. This accounts both for the tubular and to a lesser extent for the glomerular compartment. It is an ongoing debate whether renal repair is carried out by self-duplication/de-differentiation of mature resident renal cells, or by specialized renal progenitors residing in specific niches or by circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells. In this review, the existence of renal progenitor cells and their contribution for regeneration of the tubular and the glomerular compartment are discussed, highlighting landmark publications of recent years.

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Podocyte Dedifferentiation: A Specialized Process for a Specialized Cell

Cited by 56 publications

References 68 publications

The Players: Cells Involved in Glomerular Disease

The Players: Cells Involved in Glomerular Disease

Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition of Glomerular Podocytes: Implications in Proteinuria

The Role of Renal Progenitors in Renal Regeneration

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