Podoconiosis: Endemic Non-filarial Elephantiasis

Deribe, Kebede; Tekola‐Ayele, Fasil; Davey, Gail

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25471-5_10

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Podoconiosis is one of the major causes of tropical lymphedema [ 2 , 61 ], but its global prevalence remains elusive. Access to updated evidence on the incidence and prevalence of podoconiosis is essential for guiding and informing global, regional, and national health policies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global epidemiology of podoconiosis: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPodoconiosis is one of the few diseases that could potentially be eliminated within one generation. Nonetheless, the global distribution of the disease remains largely unknown. The global atlas of podoconiosis was conceived to define the epidemiology and distribution of podoconiosis through dedicated surveys and assembling the available epidemiological data.MethodsWe have synthesized the published literature on the epidemiology of podoconiosis. Through systematic searches in SCOPUS and MEDLINE from inception to February 14, 2018, we identified observational and population-based studies reporting podoconiosis. To establish existence of podoconiosis, we used case reports and presence data. For a study to be included in the prevalence synthesis, it needed to be a population-based survey that involved all residents within a specific area. Studies that did not report original data were excluded. We undertook descriptive analyses of the extracted data. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018084959.ResultsWe identified 3,260 records, of which 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Podoconiosis was described to exist or be endemic in 32 countries, 18 from the African Region, 3 from Asia and 11 from Latin America. Overall, podoconiosis prevalence ranged from 0·10% to 8.08%, was highest in the African region, and was substantially higher in adults than in children and adolescents. The highest reported prevalence values were in Africa (8.08% in Cameroon, 7.45% in Ethiopia, 4.52% in Uganda, 3.87% in Kenya and 2.51% in Tanzania). In India, a single prevalence of 0.21% was recorded from Manipur, Mizoram and Rajasthan states. None of the Latin American countries reported prevalence data.ConclusionOur data suggest that podoconiosis is more widespread in the African Region than in the rest of the regions, although this could be related to the fact that most podoconiosis epidemiological research has been focused in the African continent. The assembled dataset confirms that comprehensive podoconiosis control strategies such as promotion of footwear and personal hygiene are urgently needed in endemic parts of Africa. Mapping, active surveillance and a systematic approach to the monitoring of disease burden must accompany the implementation of podoconiosis control activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Podoconiosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by exposure to red clay soil [ 1 , 2 ]. The disease results from a complex interaction between genes and the environment occurring over many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of podoconiosis: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…Neglected tropical diseases affect more than 1 billion people, the vast majority of whom are among the poorest living within endemic countries. 1 The neglected tropical disease podoconiosis is one of the principal causes of tropical lymphoedema, 2 3 which can lead to massive swelling of the lower legs with subsequent suffering to those affected. 2 4 The disease is found in highland areas of tropical Africa, Central America and limited areas of India (north-west) and south-eastern Asia, according to WHO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The neglected tropical disease podoconiosis is one of the principal causes of tropical lymphoedema, 2 3 which can lead to massive swelling of the lower legs with subsequent suffering to those affected. 2 4 The disease is found in highland areas of tropical Africa, Central America and limited areas of India (north-west) and south-eastern Asia, according to WHO. 5 6 However, the actual geographical distribution and burden remain unknown in most endemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the burden and geographical distribution of podoconiosis is of utmost importance to guide resource allocation and to monitor and evaluate the impact of prevention and control interventions. 2 5 Additionally, estimating the number of potential cases has shown to help strengthen active surveillance and inform national control strategies and case enrolment. 7 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicted distribution and burden of podoconiosis in Cameroon

et al. 2018

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IntroductionUnderstanding the number of cases of podoconiosis, its geographical distribution and the population at risk are crucial to estimating the burden of this disease in endemic countries. We assessed each of these using nationwide data on podoconiosis prevalence in Cameroon.MethodsWe analysed data arising from two cross-sectional surveys in Cameroon. The dataset was combined with a suite of environmental and climate data and analysed within a robust statistical framework, which included machine learning-based approaches and geostatistical modelling. The environmental limits, spatial variation of predicted prevalence, population at risk and number of cases of podoconiosis were each estimated.ResultsA total of 214 729 records of individuals screened for podoconiosis were gathered from 748 communities in all 10 regions of Cameroon. Of these screened individuals, 882 (0.41%; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.44) were living with podoconiosis. High environmental suitability for podoconiosis was predicted in three regions of Cameroon (Adamawa, North West and North). The national population living in areas environmentally suitable for podoconiosis was estimated at 5.2 (95% CI 4.7 to 5.8) million, which corresponds to 22.3% of Cameroon’s population in 2015. Countrywide, in 2015, the number of adults estimated to be suffering from podoconiosis was 41 556 (95% CI, 1170 to 240 993). Four regions (Central, Littoral, North and North West) contributed 61.2% of the cases.ConclusionIn Cameroon, podoconiosis is more widely distributed geographically than was initially expected. The number of cases and the population at risk are considerable. Expanding morbidity management and follow-up of cases is of utmost necessity. Promotion of footwear use and regular foot hygiene should be at the forefront of any intervention plan.

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Epidemiology and sex differences of podoconiosis in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis

Berhe

Legese

Mardu

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Objectives Podoconiosis is a poorly understood neglected tropical disease which results in a high socio-economic burden. In Ethiopia, despite the high prevalence, morbidity, and socio-economic impacts, little information is available about the disease. Thus, this review aimed to assess the effect of sex differences and pooled prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia. Study setting Ethiopia is a country located in East Africa. Methods Published literature on the prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia was searched through MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Goggle scholar, and Global Health. Studies conducted in humans, open access, and met 50% threshold on the quality assessment checklist score adopted from Joanna Briggs Institute were eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted using first author, year of publication, participants' population, setting (urban/rural), study design, podoconiosis infection among males, the total number of males, podoconiosis infection among females, the total number of females, and context using Microsoft™ Excel. R statistical software version 3.6.1 was utilized to carry out the meta-analysis. The protocol of this review is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews and assigned a registration number of CRD 42020154697. Results We performed heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis for the included articles. We identified 229 records, of which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia was 6% [95% CI: 5%; 6%]. Subgroup analysis by setting indicated slightly higher prevalence in rural settings. The odds of podoconiosis infection among female is 1.15 times that of males" The effect of sex on podoconiosis was sub-grouped by study setting and the odds of females were 1.29 times at increased risk of acquiring podoconiosis than males (p < 0.01) in rural settings. Conclusions The prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia is high. This review suggested that females are at higher risk of developing podoconiosis than males, particularly in rural communities which has health promotion and awareness implications regarding protective wear.

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Podoconiosis: Endemic Non-filarial Elephantiasis

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Global epidemiology of podoconiosis: A systematic review

Global epidemiology of podoconiosis: A systematic review

Predicted distribution and burden of podoconiosis in Cameroon

Epidemiology and sex differences of podoconiosis in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis

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