Pod-inspired MXene/porous carbon microspheres with ultrahigh adsorption capacity towards crystal violet

Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials

“…Interestingly, they exhibit colloidal and surface properties in close relation to clay minerals but show useful additional properties, such as metallic electrical conductivity. These materials are excellent candidates to form carbon-based nanocomposites and, for instance, porous carbon nanospheres generated by pyrolysis of chitosan could be assembled to Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, as recently reported [93]. The resulting carbon-nanostructured materials (Figure 4) provide an elevated specific surface area (>1800 m 2 g −1 ) and improved adsorption properties tested in dye adsorption from aqueous solutions.…”

“…The resulting carbon-nanostructured materials (Figure 4) provide an elevated specific surface area (>1800 m 2 g −1 ) and improved adsorption properties tested in dye adsorption from aqueous solutions. For instance, the adsorption capacity of crystal violet is close to 2750 mg g −1 , which appears to be the highest adsorbed amount of dye per mass unit never reported for carbon-based materials [93].…”

Surface Functionalized MXenes for Wastewater Treatment—A Comprehensive Review

“…By etching out the A element as shown in Figure 4 a , MXenes with the general formula M n +1 X n T x ( n = 1, 2, 3) are obtained, where T stands for the surface terminal groups (—OH, —F, ‐O—) that render MXenes hydrophilic ( x denotes their number). [ 85 , 86 ] The first example of MXene material, Ti 3 C 2 , was synthesized by selectively etching the Al atoms in the layered hexagonal ternary carbide, Ti 3 AlC 2 , using hydrofluoric acid (HF) at room temperature. [ 87 ] Figure 4b is a schematic showing the structures of MX 2 , M 3 X 2 , and M 4 X 3 .…”

“…Furthermore, the morphology and interlayer distance of the MXene flakes before and after surface functionalization have also been studied. [ 17 ] The techniques employed for this purpose include X‐Ray diffractometer (XRD), [ 85 , 87 , 101 ] X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), [ 86 , 102 ] scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy/high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ] energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), [ 107 , 108 ] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), [ 109 , 110 ] Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), Raman spectroscopy, [ 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ] and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). [ 101 , 112 , 115 , 116 ] MXenes have been functionalized with several materials ranging from metal nanoparticles to cellulose aerogel, amino groups, etc.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 85 ] Copyright 2021, Elsevier. l) Raman spectra of Ti 3 C 2 T x , PmPD (poly(m‐phenylenediamine), and Ti 3 C 2 T x /PmPD.…”