Pneumonitis due to Corynebacterium equi

Gardner, Susan E.; Pearson, Ted A.; Hughes, Walter T.

doi:10.1378/chest.70.1.92

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Moreover, certain antibiotics, particularly vancomycin[6,8,9] and cephalosporins [10], have been implicated in selecting for GRE. Although high levels of vancomycin may be achieved in the gut during oral vancomycin therapy [11–13], probably above those needed to kill GRE, levels will nevertheless tail off after treatment, potentially selecting for resistant strains both in patients and in the environment. The HICPAC guidelines advocate prudent use of vancomycin as a central measure in preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance, suggesting specific situations in which its use should be discouraged [5].…”

Section: Antibiotic Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O'Donovan et al found that oral bacitracin eradicated carriage in 2/8 patients, while oral vancomycin cleared colonization in 8/19 [29]. Although oral vancomycin has been found to achieve levels of >1000 mg/kg in feces in patients with Clostridium difficile colonization or infection [11–13], lower levels, which may not reliably inhibit enterococci of the VanA or VanB phenotypes, have also been reported [30]. Novobiocin plus tetracycline has been found to be ineffective for clearing GRE colonization and poorly tolerated [31].…”

Section: Screening For Grementioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling glycopeptide-resistant enterococci

Chadwick

Oppenheim

1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Section: Antibiotic Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screening For Grementioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling glycopeptide-resistant enterococci

Chadwick

Oppenheim

1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Infected patients have frequently had a history of contact with farm animals, soil (or both) (8, 19,24,44). Invasive pulmonary and fatal disseminated R. equi infections have been reported in patients with hematologic and other malignancies who have received chemotherapy (1,5,8,18,24,29,44), renal transplant recipients (24,32,37,40,44,46), patients who have received corticosteroids (19,22,27), a patient with a history of chronic alcoholism (26), and, most recently, in HIV-infected patients (6, 10,13,15,16,21,25,38,39,41,42,43,45,50). There have also been isolated reports of localized R. equi infections which have resulted from probable soil contamination in patients without any known immunological abnormality; R. equi has been the cause of post-traumatic cutaneous infection (9, 30), endophthalmitis (14,23); and peritonitis developed in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (17).…”

Section: Rhodococcus Equi (Formerly Corynebacterium Equi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Rhodococcus equi from clinical specimens

McNeil

Brown

1992

Eur J Epidemiol

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Rhodococcus equi, an unusual gram positive aerobic actinomycete, was first described as a respiratory pathogen of livestock in 1923. Reports of human clinical illness have emphasized R. equi as a cause of invasive pulmonary infection in severely immunocompromised patients and, recently, have implicated it as a cause of pneumonia, bacteremia and disseminated infection in HIV-infected patients. To determine the distribution of R. equi we evaluated 107 isolates referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period January 1973 through December 1990. The sites of these 107 isolates (101 patient and 6 animal isolates) were: blood (32 isolates), sputum (30), lung tissue (13) and other site (32). Before 1983, when the first R. equi isolate from an HIV-infected patient was received, CDC received a total of 52 patient isolates. In addition, during this 10 year period, R. equi isolates were received from more than one site from only one patient. However, during the two year period 1989-1990, we identified 8 patients with underlying HIV infection and R. equi pneumonia who accounted for 29 of 35 (83%) R. equi patient isolates; 6 of these patients also had bacteremia and three died with disseminated R. equi infection. No isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, gentamicin or imipenem, and few (less than 5%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results suggest that HIV-infected patients, in particular, are predisposed to develop invasive pulmonary, fatal disseminated R. equi infection (or both), and appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates may improve the effectiveness of therapy of R. equi-infected patients.

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“…Previous studies reporting the effect ofvarious antimicrobial agents against human isolates of C. equi have utilized one or a few strains, and in most cases the disk diffusion method has been used (3,5,7). These studies indicate that the organism is susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin, but resistant to peni-.cillin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%