Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

Abstract

SUMMARY • The diagnosis and identification of causative microorganisms of pneumonia are often difficult in immunocompromised patients. • Immunosuppression can divided into three categories; neutropenia (or neutrophil dysfunction); humoral immunodeficiency and cellular immunodeficiency. Presumptive pathogen identifications of pneumonia could be made systematically based on the type of impaired immune function. • Since there are a number of diseases that must be differentiated, the collection of respiratory tract specimens and appropriate serum antigen tests should be done whenever possible to identify the causative microorganisms. • Empirical antibiotic therapy should be started as soon as possible. • If initial treatment proves ineffective, invasive diagnostic procedures, including surgical lung biopsy, should be considered.

HIV-associated pneumonia: bacterial, fungal, viral

“…Необходимо отметить высокое разнообразие рентгенологических изменений в легких при пневмонии у пациентов с ВИЧ. При этом наблюдаемые респираторные симптомы и изменения на рентгенограммах органов грудной клетки у ВИЧ-пациентов могут быть обусловлены различными процессами, не зависящими от развития пневмонии либо дополняющими ее, такими как отек легких, легочное кровотечение, опухолевые инфильтраты [36]. Рентгенограмма грудной клетки в случае типичной пневмонии позволяет обнаружить непрозрачную область, ограниченную одной долей («матовое стекло»).…”

The evaluation of next‐generation sequencing assisted pathogenic detection in immunocompromised hosts with pulmonary infection: A retrospective study

“…For these patients, pulmonary infection is one of the most frequent and fatal complications. 1 Respiratory infections and drug toxicity were major concerns in over two‐thirds of ICH cases, and mortality may reach 50–80% if accompanied by respiratory failure. 2 , 3 Traditional infectious and opportunistic pathogens account for a substantial proportion of infections in these patients.…”

Respiratory multiplex polymerase chain reaction: An important diagnostic tool in immunocompromised patients

“…Subsequent secondary bacterial pneumonia can also develop. [10] Besides these two, other important viral causes of respiratory infections in immunocompromised are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (Flu), adenovirus (AdV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza virus, and human rhinovirus. [111213] Prompt accurate diagnosis of pulmonary infections by these pathogens is crucial not only because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with them but also to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics.…”