Pneumonia in children: more shadows than lights

Morbidity and mortality among very preterm singletons following fertility treatment in Australia and New Zealand, a population cohort study

“…Congenital anomaly is the one of the leading causes of neonatal death among the preterm babies [ 24 ]. Many studies have reported an increased rate of congenital anomalies among births following fertility treatment compared to spontaneous births [ 18 , 25 , 26 ], with the prevalence of congenital anomalies ranges from 4–9% among ART births according to various studies [ 12 , 17 , 27 ], and 4–6% in general population [ 28 , 29 ].…”

“…Rates of major surgery were significantly in ART singletons with congenital abnormalities, compared to ART singletons without congenital abnormalities ( p value <0.05). Similarly we need to assume that a chain of event might happen and in most cases birth conditions are related to the common NICU outcomes including NEC, intraventricular haemorrhage, hyaline membrane disease and retinopathy of prematurity among the very preterm babies [ 24 ]. Although the rates of all conditions were high in the ART group, only NEC was significantly associated with the ART in this study.…”

“…In a previous NICU study in Australia, low mortality was observed in the ART twins and triplets compare to spontaneously conceived twins and triplets and authors attributed it “protective effect” to the “dichorionic pregnancies” and specialized care offered to the ART mothers [ 20 ]. Another study reported low rate of death among the babies born after the ART treatment and authors attributed it to the single embryo transfer practices and comparison of ART healthy babies with sick non ART babies [ 24 ]. However both these studies included multiple pregnancies in the analysis and there is ample of evidence suggests that ART singletons have high mortality compared to non-ART singletons [ 21 ].…”