Pneumonia due to Branhamella catarrhalis.

Capewell, Simon; McLeod, D T; Croughan, M J; Ahmad, Fareed; Calder, Margaret A.; Seaton, Anthony

doi:10.1136/thx.43.11.929

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Most elderly patients who experience pneumonia as a result of M. catarrhalis infection have underlying cardiopulmonary diseases, including COPD, bronchiectasis, congestive heart failure or predisposition to aspiration. Other predisposing conditions associated with M. catarrhalis infection include corticosteroid therapy, diabetes mellitus and malignancies [22,23,[25][26][27][28]. Factors contributing to the high incidence of respiratory infections in this age group include immunosuppression and enhanced adherence of M. catarrhalis to epithelial cells in elderly patients [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Okada¹,

Ando²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2011

BJR

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Objective: Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and pulmonary thin-section CT findings in patients with acute M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection. Methods: Thin-section CT scans obtained between January 2004 and March 2009 from 292 patients with acute M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and pulmonary CT findings in the patients were assessed. Patients with concurrent infection including Streptococcus pneumoniae (n572), Haemophilus influenzae (n561) or multiple pathogens were excluded from this study. Results: The study group comprised 109 patients (66 male, 43 female; age range 28-102 years; mean age 74.9 years). Among the 109 patients, 34 had community-acquired and 75 had nosocomial infections. Underlying diseases included pulmonary emphysema (n574), cardiovascular disease (n544) or malignant disease (n541). Abnormal findings were seen on CT scans in all patients and included ground-glass opacity (n599), bronchial wall thickening (n585) and centrilobular nodules (n579). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung parenchyma (n599). Pleural effusion was found in eight patients. No patients had mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement. Conclusions: M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection was observed in elderly patients, often in combination with pulmonary emphysema. CT manifestations of infection were mainly ground-glass opacity, bronchial wall thickening and centilobular nodules. Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that was first described in 1896 [1]. The pathogen, also known as Micrococcus catarrhalis, Neisseria catarrhalis and Brahamella catarrhalis, is a clinically important pathogen and is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients [2][3][4][5]. M. catarrhalis is considered to be the third most common and most important cause of bronchopulmonary infections after Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae [6,7]. In the Alexander project in Europe and the US between 1992 and 1993, M. catarrhalis was identified in 13.5% of bacterial isolates [8].M. catarrhalis has also gained attention as a nosocomial respiratory pathogen and as a community-acquired pathogen. On the basis of epidemiological evidence, the spread of M. catarrhalis was suggested to occur within the hospital environment [9,10]. McLeod et al [11] reported that 43 of 81 patients (53%) with M. catarrhalis infection were infected in a hospital and that the infection was associated with the proximity of the patient to other patients. Most nosocomial infections with M. catarrhalis involve the respiratory tract and outbreaks have been reported in respiratory units and paediatric intensive care units [10,12].M. catarrhalis infection has received increasing attention because it is an important factor in the acute exacerbation of...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Okada¹,

Ando²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2011

BJR

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“…The isolates were regarded as primarily opportunistic in many cases. The factors predisposing to infection include underlying disease of the bronchial tree or lung parenchyma, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and an immunodeficiency state due to chemotherapeutic agents or abnormalities involving the cellular or humoral immune systems (58,134,140,277). Thus, B. catarrhalis pneumonia was reported in patients with multiple myeloma (91, 209), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (287), or quantitative abnormalities of serum immunoglobulins (171,192).…”

Section: Pseudogonococcal Conjunctivitis and Urogenital Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. catarrhalis pneumonia may present a clinical picture similar to other bacterial pneumonias, but generally is a milder illness except in the immunocompromised patient (321). An indication of its relative mildness is found in reports that most blood cultures are negative (58,85,118,209,221,241,259,313).…”

Section: Pseudogonococcal Conjunctivitis and Urogenital Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were often disregarded because of the repeated, confident neisseriae or normal flora (58,221,248,262,268). In a assertion that the organism is nonpathogenic and commonly discussion during a symposium on B. catarrhalis held in 1985, C. D. Bluestone [Drugs 31(Suppl. 3): 38,1986] stated his impression that, in non-university hospitals in the United t Present address: 3550 Lebon Drive, no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a pathogen.

Catlin

1990

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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“…14 Moraxella pneumonia sputum is occasionally apple green. 15 Other rare culinary descriptions include the anchovy paste of liver abscess eroding into lung 16 and the expectorated rice bodies of pulmonary tuberculosis representing granulomatous particles of caseous necrosis. 13 URINE Like other effluvia, urine provides valuable clues for the culinary competent.…”

Section: Sputummentioning

confidence: 99%