Pneumonia caused by influenza A H1N1 2009 virus in farmed American mink (<i>Neovison vison</i>)

Åkerstedt, Johan; Valheim, Mette; Germundsson, Anna; Moldal, Torfinn; Lie, Ki; Falk, Michaela; Hungnes, Olav

doi:10.1136/vr.100512

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results suggest that the American mink seemed not be frequently exposed to IAVs in the years and areas studied, and did not contribute significantly in the circulation and maintenance of IAVs during the study period in Spain. On the other hand, due to the American mink could be highly susceptible to some IAV strains, the scenario that the infection may result in the death of the individuals and low survival rates cannot be excluded (Åkerstedt et al., ; van Willigen and Dijkman, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the species ecology and characteristics, the source of IAV infections could be from several origins, from farm animals and anthropogenic origin to wild birds. Swine H3N2 and pandemic H1N1 virus in Canada (2007 and 2010) (Gagnon et al., ; Tremblay et al., ), swine H3N2 and H1N1 virus in Denmark (2009, 2010 and 2011) (Chriél et al., ; Larsen et al., ), swine H1N2 virus in United States (2010) (Yoon et al., ) and pandemic H1N1 virus in the Netherlands and Norway (2011) (Åkerstedt et al., ; van Willigen and Dijkman, ) have been isolated in minks indicating that they are susceptible to IAVs of mammalian and avian origin. Experimental infections of low‐pathogenic AIV strains have reported a short‐time shedding of the virus in Mustelidae species and horizontal transmission (Driskell et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza A Virus Surveillance in the Invasive American Mink (Neovison vison) from Freshwater Ecosystems, Northern Spain

Gholipour

Busquets

Fernández-Aguilar

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are negative-sense, single-stranded and segmented RNA viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family that may cause acute respiratory disease in a wide range of birds and mammals. Susceptibility of several species within the family Mustelidae to IAVs has been reported as a result of natural or experimental infections. The objectives of this study were to assess whether free-ranging American mink populations from Northern Spain were infected with IAV and try to define the role of this species in the epidemiology of IAV. Sera from 689 American mink from Northern Spain captured between 2011 and 2014 were tested for the presence of antibodies against IAVs using a commercial competition cELISA. Positive sera were further analysed with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Fifteen of the 689 (2.2%, 1.3-3.6 CI ) of the American minks analysed were ELISA positive. No significant differences were observed between years of capture, provinces, river basins, sexes or ages of the animals. All seropositive sera resulted negative to the panel strains used in the HI assay, showing that the most relevant strains circulating in swine, the most relevant avian subtypes (H5 and H7) and the H10N4 subtype isolated in minks have not been circulating in this free-ranging exotic carnivore from Spain. In the light of these results, the free-range American mink from Northern Spain do not seem to have an important role in the epidemiology of IAVs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A Virus Surveillance in the Invasive American Mink (Neovison vison) from Freshwater Ecosystems, Northern Spain

Gholipour

Busquets

Fernández-Aguilar

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Mink, along with ferrets are members of the family Mustelidae, and are widely farmed for their fur. Like ferrets, farmed mink are susceptible to human and avian influenza viruses including H9N2; there are several reports of H9N2 being isolated from farmed mink in China [167,[169][170][171]. All isolates were of the BJ94 lineage prevalent throughout China.…”

Section: Mustelidaementioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

Peacock¹,

James²,

Sealy³

et al. 2019

Preprint

113

123

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H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans through their high rates of zoonotic infection and pandemic potential. H9N2 viruses are generally hyperendemic in effected countries and have been found in poultry in many new regions in recent years. In this review we examine the current global spread of H9N2 avian influenza viruses as well as their host range, tropism, transmission routes and the risk posed by these viruses to human health.

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“…Minks (in the family Mustelidae) are widely farmed for their fur and are highly susceptible to influenza viruses of both human and avian origins, including H9N2 (Åkerstedt et al 2012;Yong-Feng et al 2017;Xue et al 2018). BJ94like H9N2 viruses have been reported from minks in China, some of which carry the E627K mutation in PB2 associated with mammalian adaptation (Subbarao et al 1993;Hatta et al 2001;Peng et al 2015).…”

Section: Clinical Signs Pathology and Interspecies Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge

Carnaccini

Pérez

2019

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in Asia, the Middle East, and parts of North and Central Africa, where they cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Of note, some strains of H9N2 viruses have been linked to zoonotic episodes of mild respiratory diseases. Because of the threat posed by H9N2 viruses to poultry and human health, these viruses are considered of pandemic concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). H9N2 IAVs continue to diversify into multiple antigenically and phylogenetically distinct lineages that can further promote the emergence of strains with pandemic potential. Somewhat neglected compared with the H5 and H7 subtypes, there are numerous indicators that H9N2 viruses could be involved directly or indirectly in the emergence of the next influenza pandemic. The goal of this work is to discuss the state of knowledge on H9N2 IAVs and to provide an update on the contemporary global situation.

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Pneumonia caused by influenza A H1N1 2009 virus in farmed American mink (Neovison vison)

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Influenza A Virus Surveillance in the Invasive American Mink (Neovison vison) from Freshwater Ecosystems, Northern Spain

Influenza A Virus Surveillance in the Invasive American Mink (Neovison vison) from Freshwater Ecosystems, Northern Spain

A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge

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