Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in preoperative staging, surgical techniques, neoadjuvant/adjuvant options and postoperative care, there are still major difficulties in significantly improving survival, especially in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, surgical resection is the primary mode of treatment for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ NSCLC and has become an important component of the multimodality therapy of even more advanced disease with a curative intention. In fact, in NSCLC patients with solitary distant metastases, surgical interventions have been discussed in the last years. Accordingly, this review displays the recent surgical strategies implemented in the therapy of NSCLC patients. Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer; Multimodality therapy; Surgical techniques; Neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy; Solitary distant metastases Core tip: Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. To date, surgical resection is the primary mode of treatment for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has become an important component of the multimodality therapy of even more advanced disease with a curative intention. In fact, individualized treatment options, based on clinical tumor stages, in NSCLC patients have been established in the last years that are displayed in this review.