Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Cat Associated with Necrotizing Bronchopneumonia Caused by Felid Herpesvirus-1

Maes, S.; Goethem, B. Van; Saunders, Jimmy; Binst, Dominique; Chiers, Koen; Ducatelle, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.08.024

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…2A,B). 54 Outbreaks in shelter cats with lesions limited to the trachea and bronchi have been observed on 3 other occasions, one of which resulted in temporary closure of the shelter in Spain (Prada-Puentes, personal communication, 2010). Along with the remarkably bronchocentric lesions, there was a segmental necrotizing arteritis of the large parabronchial pulmonary arteries in the lungs of affected cats ( Fig.…”

Section: Feline Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Pesavento

Murphy

2013

Vet Pathol

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The beneficial role that animal shelters play is unquestionable. An estimated 3 to 4 million animals are cared for or placed in homes each year, and most shelters promote public health and support responsible pet ownership. It is, nonetheless, inevitable that shelters are prime examples of anthropogenic biological instability: even well-run shelters often house transient, displaced, and mixed populations of animals. Many of these animals have received minimal to no prior health care, and some have a history of scavenging or predation to survive. Overcrowding and poor shelter conditions further magnify these inherent risks to create individual, intraspecies, and interspecies stress and provide an environment conducive to exposure to numerous potentially collaborative pathogens. All of these factors can contribute to the evolution and emergence of new pathogens or to alterations in virulence of endemic pathogens. While it is not possible to effectively anticipate the timing or the pathogen type in emergence events, their sites of origin are less enigmatic, and pathologists and diagnosticians who work with sheltered animal populations have recognized several such events in the past decade. This article first considers the contribution of the shelter environment to canine and feline disease. This is followed by summaries of recent research on the pathogenesis of common shelter pathogens, as well as research that has led to the discovery of novel or emerging diseases and the methods that are used for their diagnosis and discovery. For the infectious agents that commonly affect sheltered dogs and cats, including canine distemper virus, canine influenza virus, Streptococcus spp, parvoviruses, feline herpesvirus, feline caliciviruses, and feline infectious peritonitis virus, we present familiar as well as newly recognized lesions associated with infection. Preliminary studies on recently discovered viruses like canine circovirus, canine bocavirus, and feline norovirus indicate that these pathogens can cause or contribute to canine and feline disease.

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Section: Feline Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Pesavento

Murphy

2013

Vet Pathol

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“…Apesar de raro o pneumomediastino também ocorre de forma espontânea independente de causas subjacentes. A literatura relata que as principais causas de pneumomediastino em gatos estão associadas à ruptura traqueal devido inflação excessiva do cuff do tubo endotraqueal ou retirada do tubo sem desinflar o cuff em procedimentos anestésicos [7].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Pode ser primário ou espontâneo, na ausência de enfermidades ou secundário por fatores precipitantes [9]. O secundário resulta de mordeduras no pescoço; mudanças súbitas na pressão intratorácica; esforço respiratório excessivo; atropelamentos; lavagem traqueal; durante ou após procedimentos cirúrgicos; e punção da jugular em gatos [7,9].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Clinicamente, destaca-se a dispneia decorrente da incapacidade do pulmão em se distender pelo acúmulo de ar no mediastino e o enfisema subcutâneo ocasionado pela entrada de ar para tecidos subcutâneos [7]. O ar presente no mediastino causa pneumopericárdio, pneumotórax, enfisema subcutâneo, pneumoperitônio ou pneumoretroperitônio [12].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Nos achados radiográficos identifica-se os grandes vasos mediastinicos, paredes do esôfago e da traqueia, que normalmente não são vistos em exame radiográfico, mas se tornam visíveis pelo contraste negativo provocado pelo acúmulo de ar [7]. No enfisema subcutâneo, a cavidade torácica torna-se radiotransparente na radiografia, e forma linhas ou um efeito idêntico a "favo de mel" [4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Generalized Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Pneumomediastinum in a Newborn kitten

Fraga

Barbosa

Kobayashi

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pneumomediastinum is a rare entity characterized by the introduction of air into the mediastinum. Primary or spontaneous pneumomediastinum may occur in the absence of any disease whereas secondary pneumomediastinum may be due to a number of precipitating factors. The clinical picture is severe and the onset is acute. The present report describes the clinical presentation, treatment, and the findings of a forensic investigation of a case of generalized subcutaneous emphysema secundary to pneumomediastinum in a newborn kitten. Case: A newborn kitten was presented to a veterinary climic with a history of generalized air accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue of acute onset which was noted whenever the animal suckled. Clinical care and radiographic examination were performed. Radiographic findings included areas of radiolucency within the subcutis suggestive of generalized subcutaneous emphysema. In the thoracic cavity, there was ventral displacement of the thoracic trachea and increased radiolucency in the cranial mediastinum suggestive of pneumomediastinum. There was loss of definition of the cervical trachea suggestive of tracheal rupture. Based on the radiographic findings, the clinician decided to aspirate the air accumated within the subcutis using a needle and a syringe. However, this emphysema rapidly formed after the subcutaneous air was aspirated. Euthanasia was elected due to the poor prognosis and the animal was submitted for necropsy. Main gross findings included traumatic intercostal laceration adjacent to the lungs under the axilla and tracheal perforation. Tracheal perforation resulted in persistent air leakage from the trachea causing pneumomediastinum which evolved into generalized subcutaneous emphysema causing the animal to inflate as air became trapped within the subcutis imparting a blown up appearance to the cat. Microscopically pulmonary collapse was observed. Symptomatic treatment was instituted and consisted of puncturing the distended skin with needle and syringe. Percutaneous drainage of the subcutaneous air was unsuccessful. Discussion: In the present case, the diagnosis of generalized subcutaneous emphysema due to pneumomediastinum in a newborn kitten was based on the history, clinical signs, radiographic findings, and gross necropsy lesions. However, the histopathological findings were non-specific. The present case is an example of secondary pneumomediastinum. Tracheal perforation resulted in massive air penetration into the mediastinum. Generalized subcutaneous emphysema developed as a complication of the pneumomediastinum. Queens carry their offspring using their mouth. We suggest that the tracheal lesion is a penetrating tracheal trauma and that this injury was inflicted by the mother's canine teeth as she transported the kitten with the animal's neck and chest inside her mouth. There was no history that the kitten was attacked by other animal or of any other type of trauma. Initial conservative treatment consisted of puncturing the skin in order to release subcutaneous...

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Extracranial epidural emphysema associated with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a greyhound

Lorek

Domínguez

2019

Vet Record Case Reports

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The presence of air in the vertebral canal (extracranial epidural emphysema) has been described in veterinary medicine in isolated case reports mainly associated with intervertebral disc disease. This case of a nine-year-old male neutered greyhound describes a different aetiology where the presence of extensive epidural emphysema was associated with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema following thoracotomy for a lung lobectomy. The extracranial epidural emphysema was managed conservatively by sealing of the thoracotomy site and treating the pneumothorax. Extracranial epidural emphysema should be considered as a possible complication of thoracic surgery if extensive subcutaneous emphysema and/or pneumomediastinum develops.

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Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Cat Associated with Necrotizing Bronchopneumonia Caused by Felid Herpesvirus-1

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Generalized Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Pneumomediastinum in a Newborn kitten

Extracranial epidural emphysema associated with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a greyhound

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