Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among US children with perinatally acquired HIV infection

Simonds, R. J.; Oxtoby, Margaret J.; Caldwell, M. Blake; Gwinn, Marta; Rogers, Martha F.

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(94)90155-4

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…However, this observation seems to apply only to infancy, which includes the period (age 6-9 months) of peak PCP prevalence. 21 This finding is supported by a 2002 autopsy study of HIV-infected children with fatal pneumonia which showed that PCP was the most common cause of illness in children aged 0-5 months and second most common cause in the 6-11 month age group. 9 The same authors report that beyond infancy either tuberculosis or pyogenic pneumonia are more common, indicating that oral amoxicillin could be used alone without significant additional risk for treatment failure if tuberculosis was not considered likely or was ruled out.…”

Section: Researchsupporting

confidence: 68%

Failure of standard antimicrobial therapy in children aged 3-5 months with mild or asymptomatic HIV infection and sever pneumonia

Jeena

Thea

MacLeod

et al. 2006

Bull World Health Organ

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Section: Researchsupporting

confidence: 68%

Failure of standard antimicrobial therapy in children aged 3-5 months with mild or asymptomatic HIV infection and sever pneumonia

Jeena

Thea

MacLeod

et al. 2006

Bull World Health Organ

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“…12 Although specific diagnosis was unavailable in most cases, it is likely that some of these early cases of fatal pneumonia were caused by P carinii, which has its peak incidence in the first year of life among HIV-infected children. 16,17 Median survival after the diagnosis of Class C disease was short (3 months), even shorter than the range of survival times reported from other studies (9 -23 months). 10,13 With earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment for both the Class C conditions and the underlying HIV infection becoming available, survival times in settings such as this are likely to become longer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Survival, Disease Manifestations, and Early Predictors of Disease Progression Among Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Thailand

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To describe survival and signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in perinatally infected children in Thailand.Methods. At 2 large Bangkok hospitals, 295 infants born to HIV-infected mothers were enrolled at birth from November 1992 through September 1994 and followed up with clinical and laboratory evaluations every 1 to 3 months for 18 months. Infected children remained in follow-up thereafter. For the infected children, we used data collected through October 2000 to estimate survival times and compare characteristics among those whose disease progressed at rapid (died within 1 year), intermediate (died at 1-5 years), and slow (survived at least 5 years) rates.Results .

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“…In a cohort of 3,665 infants with perinatally acquired HIV, 37% developed either definitive or empirically diagnosed PCP during 10 years of follow-up, with more than half of the cases presenting at between 3 and 6 months of age (269). These findings suggest that early exposure and infection are common, but they cannot distinguish between the possibility that early acquisition of infection leads to reactivation or that PCP results from de novo exposure.…”

Section: Reactivation Of Latent Infectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

2012

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SUMMARY Although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has decreased since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, it remains an important cause of disease in both HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed populations. The epidemiology of PCP has shifted over the course of the HIV epidemic both from changes in HIV and PCP treatment and prevention and from changes in critical care medicine. Although less common in non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed patients, PCP is now more frequently seen due to the increasing numbers of organ transplants and development of novel immunotherapies. New diagnostic and treatment modalities are under investigation. The immune response is critical in preventing this disease but also results in lung damage, and future work may offer potential areas for vaccine development or immunomodulatory therapy. Colonization with Pneumocystis is an area of increasing clinical and research interest and may be important in development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we discuss current clinical and research topics in the study of Pneumocystis and highlight areas for future research.

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among US children with perinatally acquired HIV infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Failure of standard antimicrobial therapy in children aged 3-5 months with mild or asymptomatic HIV infection and sever pneumonia

Failure of standard antimicrobial therapy in children aged 3-5 months with mild or asymptomatic HIV infection and sever pneumonia

Survival, Disease Manifestations, and Early Predictors of Disease Progression Among Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Thailand

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Its Role in Disease

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