Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

Grabenstein, John D.; Musher, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35761-6.00046-8

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 441 publications

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally, in both children and adults, and accounts each year for an estimated 660,000 lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)-related deaths and 9600 deaths due to meningitis in adults aged ≥50 years of age globally [1,2]. S. pneumoniae has been a leading cause of invasive disease (such as bacteremia or sepsis, bacteremic pneumonia, meningitis, and septic arthritis) and of noninvasive mucosal disease (such as nonbacteremic pneumonia, sinusitis, and acute otitis media), with a large global burden in both high-and low-resource countries [3,4]. S. pneumoniae has 100 distinct serotypes that differ in their propensity to cause disease overall, as well as their association with case fatality, and antimicrobial resistance [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)

et al. 2022

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The Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) evaluated older adult pneumococcal vaccination and was one of the largest vaccine clinical trials ever conducted. Among older adults aged ≥65 years, the trial established 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) efficacy in preventing first episodes of bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumococcal vaccine serotype (VT) community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and of vaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (VT-IPD). Since the publication of the original trial results, 15 additional publications have extended the analyses. In this review, we summarize and integrate the full body of evidence generated by these studies, contextualize the results in light of their public health relevance, and discuss their implications for the assessment of current and future adult pneumococcal vaccination. This accumulating evidence has helped to better understand PCV13 efficacy, serotype-specific efficacy, efficacy in subgroups, the interpretation of immunogenicity data, and the public health value of adult PCV vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)

et al. 2022

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“…Bunlar, bakteriyemik pnömoni, menenjit, septik artrit ve sepsis gibi, bakterilerin, kan, beyin-omurilik sıvısı (BOS), sinovya sıvısı, plevra ve periton boşluğu gibi normalde steril olan bölgelerden izole edildiği klinik tablolardır (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). İPH olgularının çoğundan bakteriyemik pnömoni (%67) sorumludur (12). Konvansiyonel tanı yöntemleri yeterince duyarlı ve özgül olmadığı için, bakteriyemik olmadıkça pnömokok pnömonisi tanısını koymak güçtür (13).…”

Section: Tanımlarunclassified

“…Kapsüldeki polisakarid antijeni, o serotipe özgü IgM antikorlarının oluşmasını uyarır. Bu antikorlar ise bakterinin opsonizasyonunu, fagositozunu ve öldürülmesini artırır (1,12). Pnömokok aşılamasıyla hedeflenenler, pnömo-koklara karşı etkili antikorları uyarmanın yanı sıra mukoza bağışıklığı oluşturulması ve immünolojik bellek oluşturularak anamnestik IgG yanıtının uyandırılmasıdır (11).…”

Section: Genel Bilgilerunclassified

Pneumococcal Vaccine as One of the Immunization Coverage Targets For Adulthood Vaccines: A Consensus Report of the Study Group For Adult Immunization of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Şenol¹,

Azap²,

Erbay³

et al. 2018

Klimik Dergisi

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Pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia with or without bacteremia, remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, especially among the elderly and those with certain medical conditions, including immunocompromising conditions all over the world. Two pneumococcal vaccines are currently licensed for adults in Turkey, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). PPSV23 has been available for many years for use in adults. A 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) included in the Expanded Programme on Immunization for use in infants and children in 2008, and thereafter PCV13 replaced PCV7 in 2011. Recently, the Ministry of Health of Turkey accepted risk groups for vaccine-preventable diseases, and implemented their immunization schedules in accordance with the decisions of Immunization Advisory Committee, including adult pneumococcal vaccination greatly compatible with those of updated U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations such as PCV13 for selected high-risk adults and for all adults ≥65 years of age. Furthermore, surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease has already been included as part of the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Invasive Bacterial Diseases announced that would be started soon in Turkey. In this consensus report prepared by Study Group for Adult Immunization of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, relevant literature ÖzetPnömokok hastalıkları, bakteriyemik olan ya da olmayan pnömoni başta olmak üzere, özellikle yaşlılarda ve immün sistemi zayıfla-tan durumlar gibi birtakım sağlık sorunları olan erişkinlerde, tüm dünyada önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olmaya devam etmektedir. Ülkemizde 13 valan konjuge pnömokok aşısı (KPA13) ve 23 valan polisakarid pnömokok aşısı (PPA23) olmak üzere eriş-kinler için ruhsatlandırılmış iki aşı vardır. PPA23 erişkinlerde yıl-lardır kullanılmaktadır. 2008'de 7 valan konjuge pnömokok aşısı (KPA7) çocuklarda kullanılmak üzere Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı'na alınmıştır; daha sonra 2011'de KPA7 yerini KPA13'e bırakmıştır. Yakınlarda Sağlık Bakanlığı'nca, Bağışıklama Danışma Kurulu kararları doğrultusunda, aşıyla önlenebilir hastalıklar açı-sından risk grupları kabul edilmiş ve bunlara uygulanması gereken, aralarında erişkinlerde pnömokok aşılamasının da bulunduğu aşı şemaları yürürlüğe konulmuştur. Bu şemalar, pnömokok aşıları yö-nünden, KPA13'ün hem yüksek risk altındaki erişkinlere hem de ≥65 yaşındaki tüm erişkinlere uygulanması gibi ABD'deki güncel Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) önerileriy-le büyük ölçüde örtüşmektedir. Ayrıca, yakınlarda yayımlanan bir genelgeyle ülkemizde de başlatılacağı açıklanan invazif pnömokok hastalıkları sürveyansı, Aşıyla Önlenebilir İnvazif Bakteriyel Hastalıkların Sürveyansı programının kapsamına alınmıştır. Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği Erişkin Bağışıkla-ması Çalışma Grubu'nca hazırlanan bu uzlaşı raporun...

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“…Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common pediatric infections and has been described as one of the leading causes of antibiotic prescription in children in industrialized countries ( 1 , 2 ). It is estimated that 80-90% of children have an episode of acute otitis media (AOM) before the age of three, with a peak incidence between 6 and 15 months ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Carried by Young Children and Their Association With Acute Otitis Media During the Period 2016–2019

et al. 2021

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Background:Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) is a major cause of acute otitis media (AOM). Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs have altered pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in disease and carriage. In this study, we used samples collected during a cross-sectional study to examine if the clinical picture of acute otitis media (AOM) in young children exposed to the PCV program in Belgium was related to the carried pneumococcal strains, and if their carriage profile differed from healthy children attending daycare centers.Material/Methods: In three collection periods from February 2016 to May 2018, nasopharyngeal swabs and background characteristics were collected from children aged 6–30 months either presenting at their physician with AOM (AOM-group) or healthy and attending day care (DCC-group). Clinical signs of AOM episodes and treatment schedule were registered by the physicians. Sp was detected, quantified, and characterized using both conventional culture analysis and real-time PCR analysis.Results: Among 3,264 collected samples, overall pneumococcal carriage and density were found at similar rates in both AOM and DCC. As expected non-vaccine serotypes were most frequent: 23B (AOM: 12.3%; DCC: 17.4%), 11A (AOM: 7.5%; DCC: 7.4%) and 15B (AOM: 7.5%; DCC: 7.1%). Serotypes 3, 6C, 7B, 9N, 12F, 17F, and 29 were more often found in AOM than in DCC (p-value < 0.05), whereas 23A and 23B were less often present in AOM (p-value < 0.05). Antibiotic non-susceptibility of Sp strains was similar in both groups. No predictors of AOM severity were identified.Conclusion: In the present study, overall carriage prevalence and density of S. pneumoniae were found similar in young children with AOM and in healthy children attending day-care centers in Belgium. Certain serotypes not currently included in the PCV vaccines were found to be carried more often in children with AOM than in DCC, a finding that might suggest a relationship between these serotypes and AOM.

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Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

Cited by 11 publications

References 441 publications

PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)

PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)

Pneumococcal Vaccine as One of the Immunization Coverage Targets For Adulthood Vaccines: A Consensus Report of the Study Group For Adult Immunization of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Carried by Young Children and Their Association With Acute Otitis Media During the Period 2016–2019

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