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Abstract

Pediatric leukemia is a multifactorial disease with an unknown etiology but can be treated. Just like many other types of cancer, genetic changes take place in leukemia. These genetic lesions, which are effective in the activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes; could lead to the development of leukemia via disruptions in the mechanisms regulating cell death, cellular differentiation or division. Studying the genetic anomalies that have not yet been determined allows treatment options that affect these steps, and thus the development of personalized treatment methods to treat chemotherapy-resistant and recurrent leukemia. This review aims to evaluate the role of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, which was reported by previous studies to be important in development of cancer, in a pediatric leukemia subtype namely acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).