PMT (Photomultiplier) Clinostat

Horn, Astrid; Ullrich, Oliver; Huber, Kathrin; Hemmersbach, Ruth

doi:10.1007/s12217-010-9234-5

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The aim of this study was to validate the usability of the RPM as a microgravity simulator for this specific cellular assay, which had been studied before using the PMT 2D clinostat technology (Horn et al 2011). Before using the RPM modes of operation we set the speed of rotation of a single (inner) frame to 60 rpm to have the same configuration as on a common clinostat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All experiments were carried out in the same design as done previously (Horn et al 2011;Adrian et al 2013;Brungs et al 2015Brungs et al , 2016b. Briefly, the alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383 (passages <5) was used for all experiments.…”

Section: Cell Cultivation and Luminol-assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has been adapted and improved in order to have a biomarker of immune cell activity under microgravity conditions (Adrian et al 2013). Horn and colleagues developed a clinostat, capable of simulating microgravity on ground and in combination with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to measure online the light emitted by the cells which is corresponding to the amount of ROS production (Horn et al 2011). This breakthrough enabled real time measurements of ROS production in immune cells under altered gravity conditions and provided the ideal preparation for the TRIPLE LUX A & B space experiments Ullrich et al 2017;Unruh et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This breakthrough enabled real time measurements of ROS production in immune cells under altered gravity conditions and provided the ideal preparation for the TRIPLE LUX A & B space experiments Ullrich et al 2017;Unruh et al 2016). Adrian et al (2013) utilized the photomultiplier clinostat (PMT-clinostat) (Horn et al 2011) to study the influence of simulated microgravity (clinorotation) on the ROS production. Furthermore, investigations included the application of hypergravity on a shortarm centrifuge as well as parabolic flight studies (Adrian et al 2013;Brungs et al 2015Brungs et al , 2016b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of Random Positioning Versus Clinorotation Using a Macrophage Model System

Brungs

Hauslage

Hemmersbach

2019

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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Clinostats and Random Positioning Machines (RPMs) are valuable devices for microgravity simulations in order to study fundamental gravity-dependent mechanisms on ground and in preparation for space flights. Both devices have different modes of operation, which have to be carefully considered and comprehensively discussed with respect to their potential impact on the quality of (simulated) microgravity. Here, we used the well-studied oxidative burst reaction of the immune cell (macrophage) model system, in order to compare clinorotation with random positioning. The RPM was used in a clinorotation mode, rotating the sample with 60 rpm around the horizontal axis and in the "random speed mode" (2-10 rpm) with and without random direction, thus, two axes rotating either bi-or unidirectionally. The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) during oxidative burst of the macrophages was visualized by the luminescence luminol assay. During clinorotation the cells responded with a reduction of the ROS production which is fully in line with earlier studies (clinostat, parabolic flight). In contrast, the exposure to the two random positioning modes showed that the oxidative burst response during RPM-exposure differs significantly from that observed during clinorotation, i.e. a jittering, more variant form of ROS production. We can conclude from our work, that the RPM is not suitable in its real random mode (with and without random direction; 2-10 rpm) to simulate the conditions of microgravity for the chosen system. We recommend that investigators using microgravity simulators should carefully choose the device and mode of operation specifically for their cellular system of interest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Cultivation and Luminol-assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of Random Positioning Versus Clinorotation Using a Macrophage Model System

Brungs

Hauslage

Hemmersbach

2019

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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“…Depending on the scientific questions and methodological demands, different kinds of clinostats, besides the regular clinostats (Dedolph et al, 1967;van Loon et al, 1999;Hemmersbach et al, 2006), have been developed, which have enabled, for example, microscopic observation (clinostat microscope, Fig. 1A), online kinetic measurements (photomultiplier clinostat, Horn et al, 2011), fixation during rotation (pipette clinostat, Fig. 1B), and developmental studies under submersed conditions (submersed clinostat, Hemmersbach et al, 2006;Brungs et al, 2011) or even portable clinostats (Fig.…”

Section: Microgravity Simulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-Based Facilities for Simulation of Microgravity: Organism-Specific Recommendations for Their Use, and Recommended Terminology

et al. 2013

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Research in microgravity is indispensable to disclose the impact of gravity on biological processes and organisms. However, research in the near-Earth orbit is severely constrained by the limited number of flight opportunities. Ground-based simulators of microgravity are valuable tools for preparing spaceflight experiments, but they also facilitate stand-alone studies and thus provide additional and cost-efficient platforms for gravitational research. The various microgravity simulators that are frequently used by gravitational biologists are based on different physical principles. This comparative study gives an overview of the most frequently used microgravity simulators and demonstrates their individual capacities and limitations. The range of applicability of the various ground-based microgravity simulators for biological specimens was carefully evaluated by using organisms that have been studied extensively under the conditions of real microgravity in space. In addition, current heterogeneous terminology is discussed critically, and recommendations are given for appropriate selection of adequate simulators and consistent use of nomenclature.

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Fungal Biotechnology in Space: Why and How?

Cortesão

Schütze

Marx³

et al. 2020

Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology

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Human space exploration is envisioning long-term spaceflight missions that go far beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). However, maintaining the necessary resources on a long-duration manned mission has its many challenges. Currently, on the International Space Station (ISS), astronauts are provided with resources in resupply missions. These missions transport all kinds of resources such as food, spacecraft materials, medical supplies or scientific experiments. The frequent exchange between Earth and spacecraft will not be possible for long-duration far-reaching missions, such as a 500-day human mission to Mars or the colonization of the Moon. Moreover, the cost per kilo calculated to be around $12,600 when launching a spacecraft (Harper et al. 2016) makes it impractical to bring all the needed supplies at once. The success of space exploration requires the ability to be Earthindependent, particularly when it comes to resources. The ideal scenario would be M. Cortesão

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PMT (Photomultiplier) Clinostat

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Validation of Random Positioning Versus Clinorotation Using a Macrophage Model System

Validation of Random Positioning Versus Clinorotation Using a Macrophage Model System

Ground-Based Facilities for Simulation of Microgravity: Organism-Specific Recommendations for Their Use, and Recommended Terminology

Fungal Biotechnology in Space: Why and How?

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