PMI: The Photospheric Magnetic Field Imager

Staub, Jan; Fernández-Rico, Germán; Gandorfer, A.; Gizon, Laurent; Hirzberger, J.; Kraft, Stefan; Lagg, A.; Schou, J.; Solanki, S. K.; Iniesta, J. C. del Toro; Wiegelmann, T.; Woch, J.

doi:10.1051/swsc/2020059

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…All rights reserved. Gopalswamy et al [2011a] and Howard et al [2008] 2: see 3: see Bougeret et al [2008] 4: see Posner et al [2005] and Hassler et al [2012] 5: see Staub et al [2020] for a recent resource estimate and Solanki et al [2020] for the SO/PHI heritage instrument 6: see Gopalswamy et al [2011a] 7: pers. comm.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, instrumentation missing from the STEREO payload are a photospheric vector magnetograph, whose measurements are to characterize the Sun's magnetic field and to drive many relevant physics-based models of eruptive events. A candidate instrument has been described recently by Staub et al [2020] for a potential L5 mission led by ESA Space Situational Awareness Programme [Kraft et al, 2016]. Similarly, an X-ray imager [e.g., would allow to study the link between X-ray non-thermal emission and SEPs in more detail.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“… e Staub et al. (2020) for a recent resource estimate and Solanki et al. (2020) for the SO/PHI heritage instrument. …”

Section: L4 Mission Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A candidate instrument has been described recently by Staub et al. (2020) for a potential L5 mission led by ESA Space Situational Awareness Programme (Kraft et al., 2016). Similarly, an X‐ray imager (e.g., Krucker et al., 2020) would allow to study the link between X‐ray non‐thermal emission and SEPs in more detail.…”

Section: L4 Mission Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multi‐Purpose Heliophysics L4 Mission

Posner¹,

Arge

Staub

et al. 2021

Space Weather

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The Earth-Sun Lagrangian point 4 is a meta-stable location at 1 au from the Sun, 60° ahead of Earth's orbit. It has an uninterrupted view of the solar photosphere centered on W60, the Earth's nominal magnetic field connection to the Sun. Such a mission on its own would serve as a solar remote sensing observatory that would oversee the entire solar radiation hemisphere with significant relevance for protecting Moon and Mars explorers from radiation exposure. In combination with appropriately planned observatories at L1 and L5, the three spacecraft would provide 300° longitude coverage of photospheric magnetic field structure, and allow continuous viewing of both solar poles, with >3.6° elevation. Ideally, the L4 and L5 missions would orbit the Sun with a 7.2° inclination out of the heliographic equator, 14.5° out of the ecliptic plane. We discuss the impact of extending solar magnetic field observations in both longitude and latitude to improve global solar wind modeling and, with the development of local helioseismology, the potential for long-term solar activity forecasting. Such a mission would provide a unique opportunity for interplanetary and interstellar dust science. It would significantly add to reliability of operational observations on fast coronal mass ejections directed at Earth and for human Mars explorers on their round-trip journey. The L4 mission concept is technically feasible, and is scientifically compelling. Section 1: IntroductionSpace weather (SWx) forecasting is a complex problem, spanning vastly different regions of space and involving several scientific disciplines within and beyond Heliophysics. The main pillar that all SWx forecasts rely on is rapid availability of sets of observations of the Sun and inner heliosphere measured on the ground and on space platforms. Budgetary realism dictates the locations of observatories and their instrumentation to be chosen carefully so they address short-term needs and lead to long-term improvements.It is important to note that much of the underlying physics of space weather is not yet understood. This includes, to name just a subset of phenomena, the initiation of flares and coronal mass ejections, the acceleration of the solar wind and that of particles to high energies. At the time of writing, the Parker Accepted ArticleThis article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“… e Staub et al. (2020) for a recent resource estimate and Solanki et al. (2020) for the SO/PHI heritage instrument. …”

Section: L4 Mission Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L4 Mission Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Multi‐Purpose Heliophysics L4 Mission

Posner¹,

Arge

Staub

et al. 2021

Space Weather

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this context, instrumentation missing from the STEREO payload are a photospheric vector magnetograph, whose measurements are to characterize the Sun's magnetic field and to drive many relevant physics-based models of eruptive events. A candidate instrument has been described recently by Staub et al (2020) for a potential L5 mission led by ESA Space Situational Awareness Programme (Kraft et al, 2016 .…”

Section: L4/l5 Payload Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%