PM2.5 elements at an urban site in Yangtze River Delta, China: High time-resolved measurement and the application in source apportionment

Yu, Yao; He, Siyue; Wu, Xilan; Zhang, Chi; Yao, Ying; Liao, Hong; Wang, Qin’geng; Xie, Mingjie

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.096

Cited by 58 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Trace metals in PM2.5 were continuously measured by using the Xact 625 ambient metals monitor (Cooper Environmental, Beaverton, OR, USA) operated at a flow rate of 16.7 L/min with hourly resolution, as detailed in (Yu et al, 2019). Briefly, the particles in the airflow were deposited onto a Teflon filter tape, and then transported into the spectrometer where the particles were analyzed with an X-ray fluorescence.…”

Section: Measurements Of Other Air Pollutants and Meteorological Paramentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing contributions of natural surface and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric mercury in a fast developing region of Eastern China from 2015 to 2018

Qin¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is a global toxic pollutant that can be released into the atmosphere through anthropogenic and natural sources. The uncertainties in the estimated emission amounts are much larger from natural than anthropogenic sources. A method was developed in the present study to quantify the contributions of natural surface mercury emissions to ambient gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations through application of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis with temperature, O3, and NH3 as indicators of GEM emissions from natural surfaces. GEM concentrations were continuously monitored at a 2-hourly resolution at a regional background site in the Yangtze River Delta in Eastern China during 2015–2018. Annual average GEM concentrations were in the range of 2.03–3.01 ng/m3, with a strong decreasing trend at a rate of −0.32 ± 0.07 ng m−3 yr−1 from 2015 to 2018, which was mostly caused by reduced anthropogenic emissions since 2013. The estimated contributions from natural surface emissions of mercury to the ambient GEM concentrations were in the range of 0.90–1.01 ng/m3 on annual average with insignificant interannual changes, but the relative contribution increased significantly from 36 % in 2015 to 53 % in 2018, gradually surpassing those from anthropogenic sources.

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Section: Measurements Of Other Air Pollutants and Meteorological Paramentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing contributions of natural surface and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric mercury in a fast developing region of Eastern China from 2015 to 2018

Qin¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The impact was largest at 14:00 and 20:00, followed by 02:00 and 08:00. The decrease in 08:00 was mainly due to the reduction of traffic flow during morning rush-hour, which has been confirmed to be an important contributor of the pollution at this time [ 10 ]. However, the restriction of factories and vehicles caused a larger decrease of PM 2.5 concentration at 14:00 and 20:00.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission sources of PM 2.5 were identified using the positive matrix factorization method, including secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, vehicular/industrial emissions, and coal combustion. Yu et al recorded the hourly concentrations of 18 elements of PM 2.5 at an urban site of Nanjing during 2017 [ 10 ]. They found that some specific element’s concentrations would increase when the traffic activities, fireworks, and sandstorm events occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Impact of Restricting Factories, Motor Vehicles, and Fireworks on Air Pollution

Yang

Fan

Zhao

2020

IJERPH

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Aiming at improving the air quality and protecting public health, policies such as restricting factories, motor vehicles, and fireworks have been widely implemented. However, fine-grained spatiotemporal analysis of these policies’ effectiveness is lacking. This paper collected the hourly meteorological and PM2.5 data for three typical emission scenarios in Hubei, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Then, this study simulated the PM2.5 concentration under the same meteorological conditions and different emission scenarios based on a reliable hourly spatiotemporal random forest model ( R 2 exceeded 0.84). Finally, we investigated the fine-grained spatiotemporal impact of restricting factories, vehicles, and fireworks on PM2.5 concentrations from the perspective of hours, days, regions, and land uses, excluding meteorological interference. On average, restricting factories and vehicles reduced the PM2.5 concentration at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 by 18.57, 16.22, 25.00, and 19.07 μ g / m 3 , respectively. Spatially, it had the highest and quickest impact on Hubei, with a 27.05 μ g / m 3 decrease of PM2.5 concentration and 17 day lag to begin to show significant decline. This was followed by YRD, which experienced a 23.52 μ g / m 3 decrease on average and a 23 day lag. BTH was the least susceptible; the PM2.5 concentration decreased by only 8.2 μ g / m 3 . In addition, influenced by intensive human activities, the cultivated, urban, and rural lands experienced a larger decrease in PM2.5 concentration. These empirical results revealed that restricting factories, vehicles, and fireworks is effective in alleviating air pollution and the effect showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The policymakers should further investigate influential factors of hourly PM2.5 concentrations, combining with local geographical and social environment, and implement more effective and targeted policies to improve local air quality, especially for BTH and the air quality at morning and night.

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“…The third source, coal combustion, was characterized by high EV values of Cl (42%), As (38%), Se (46%), and Pb (25%). Of these elements, As and Se had been found to be enriched in coals (Tian et al, 2013), which were reliable indicators for coal combustion (Tan et al, 2017;Yu et al, 2019); and Pb was found to possibly emitted from coal combustion in Xi'an (Xu et al, 2012). The fourth source was defined as fugitive dust due to significant EV values of Si (92%), Ca (63%), and Fe (31%), which were the dominant chemical species in natural and construction dust profiles (Liu et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2006).…”

Section: Contribution Of Sources To B Extmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement report: The importance of biomass burning in light extinction and direct radiative effect of urban aerosol during the COVID-19 lockdown in China

Tian

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. To mitigate climate change in China, a better understanding of optical properties of aerosol is required due to the complexity in emission sources. Here, an intensive real-time measurement was conducted in an urban area of China before and during the lockdown of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), to explore the impacts of anthropogenic activities on aerosol light extinction and direct radiative effect (DRE). The mean light extinction coefficient (bext) reduced from 774.7 ± 298.1 Mm−1 during the normal period to 544.3 ± 179.4 Mm−1 during the lockdown period. The generalized addictive model analysis indicated that the large decline of bext (29.7 %) was entirely attributed to the sharp reductions in anthropogenic emissions. Chemical calculation of bext based on the ridge regression analysis showed that organic aerosol (OA) was the largest contributor to bext in both periods (45.1–61.4 %), and contributions of two oxygenated OAs to bext increased by 3.0–14.6 % during the lockdown. A hybrid environmental receptor model combining with chemical and optical variables identified six sources of bext. It was found that bext from traffic-related emission, coal combustion, fugitive dust, nitrate plus secondary OA (SOA) source, and sulfate plus SOA source decreased by 21.4–97.9 % in the lockdown, whereas bext from biomass burning increased by 27.1 % mainly driven by undiminished needs of residential cooking and heating. The atmospheric radiative transfer model was further used to illustrate that biomass burning instead of traffic-related emission became the largest positive effect (10.0 ± 10.9 W m−2) on aerosol DRE in the atmosphere during the lockdown. Our study provides insights into aerosol bext and DRE from anthropogenic sources, and the results implied the importance of biomass burning for tackling climate change in China in the future.

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PM2.5 elements at an urban site in Yangtze River Delta, China: High time-resolved measurement and the application in source apportionment

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Assessing contributions of natural surface and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric mercury in a fast developing region of Eastern China from 2015 to 2018

Assessing contributions of natural surface and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric mercury in a fast developing region of Eastern China from 2015 to 2018

Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Impact of Restricting Factories, Motor Vehicles, and Fireworks on Air Pollution

Measurement report: The importance of biomass burning in light extinction and direct radiative effect of urban aerosol during the COVID-19 lockdown in China

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