PM2.5 and PM10 oxidative potential at a Central Mediterranean Site: Contrasts between dithiothreitol- and ascorbic acid-measured values in relation with particle size and chemical composition

Perrone, Maria Rita; Bertoli, Ilaria; Romano, Salvatore; Russo, Mara; Rispoli, Gennaro; Pietrogrande, Maria Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.04.047

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Major elements (Al, Si, Fe, Ca, Cr, and Ti) were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF, e.g., [34]). Trace elements-such as B, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, Zn, and Zr-were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), [23,24]. Ion Chromatography was used to quantify cations (Na + [23,34].…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ion Chromatography was used to quantify cations (Na + [23,34]. Also sugars and anidrosugars, were determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography combined with pulsed amperometry detection [24].…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were quantified using a thermo-optical analyser (Sunset Laboratory OC/EC analysers) [18,30], and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was analyzed with a total carbon analyzer instrument [23]. From these values, the contribution of prima (POC) and secondary organic species (SOC) to OC was estimated [24,34]. Table 1.…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical OP AA protocol is very similar to the OP DTT protocol. After controlled incubation of the antioxidant AA in the aqueous extract, the measurement of AA depletion over time is directly followed by the decrease of UV-Vis absorbance of the ascorbic ion at the wavelengths of 265 nm [23,24].…”

Section: Aa and Gsh Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the strong differences in the density of anthropogenic sources and the orographic and meteorological characteristics [23,24].As the reviewed papers use different acellular OP assays, an additional outcome of our synthesis is the comparison among the sensitivities of various acellular OP assays to PM composition, emission sources, and particle size.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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This work is an overview of the oxidative potential (OP) values up to date measured in Italy, with the aim to provide a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The summarized works used the common acellular assays-based dithiothreitol (OP DTT ), ascorbic acid (OP AA ), glutathione (OP GSH ), and 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (OP DCFH ) assays. The paper describes the association of OP responses with PM chemical composition, the sensitivity of various acellular OP assays to PM components and emission sources, and PM size distribution of the measured OP values. Our synthesis indicates that crustal and transition metals (e.g., Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, and V), secondary ions and carbonaceous components (elemental carbon, EC, organic carbon, OC and water soluble carbon, WSOC) show significant correlations with OP across different urban and rural areas and size ranges. These chemical species are mainly associated with various PM sources, including residual/fuel oil combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Although the OP assays are sensitive to the same redox-active species, they differ in the association with PM chemical components. The DDT assay is mainly sensitive to the organic compounds that are mostly accumulated in the fine PM fraction, i.e., tracers of burning sources, and redox active organics associated with other markers of photochemical aging. In contrast, OP AA and OP GSH were mostly responsive to metals, mainly those related to non-exhaust traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd, Pb), that are mainly accumulated in the coarse PM. Among the investigated sites, our synthesis shows larger OP values in Trentino region and the Po Valley, that may be explained by the high density of anthropogenic sources, and the orographic and meteorological characteristics, that favor the pollutants accumulation and aerosol photo-oxidative aging. ). The acellular version of the 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (DCFH) assay uses the enzymatic production of the fluorescent probe largely used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in living cells.The present work summarizes the PM oxidative properties up to date measured in Italy using OP acellular assays, with the aim of giving a general insight of PM OP across the Italian territory, that has not been reported yet, in spite of the increasing number of OP measurements carried out in Europe [6,[19][20][21][22]. In addition, the study reviews the association described in previous studies between OP from different assays with several inorganic ad organic components, that effect PM oxidative properties, i.e., metals, ions, and carbonaceous components. The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the stron...

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Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aa and Gsh Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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Effect of filter extraction solvents on the measurement of the oxidative potential of airborne PM2.5

Pietrogrande

Bacco

Trentini

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Solvent extraction of PM2.5 samples collected on the filter is a preliminary step for assessing the PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP) using cell-free assays, as the dithiothreitol (DTT) and the ascorbic acid (AA) assays. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the solvent choice by extracting ambient PM2.5 samples with different solvents: methanol, as organic solvent, and two aqueous buffers, i.e., phosphate buffer (PB) and Gamble’s solution (G), as a lung fluid surrogate solution. Both the measured volume-based OPVDTT and OPVAA responses varied for the different extraction methods, since methanol extraction generated the lowest values and phosphate buffer the highest. Although all the tested solvents produced intercorrelated OPVDTT values, the phosphate buffer resulted the most useful for OPDTT assessment, as it provided the most sensible measure (nearly double values) compared with other extractions. The association of the measured OPV values with PM chemical composition suggested that oxidative properties of the investigated PM2.5 samples depend on both transition metals and quinones, as also supported by additional experimental measurements on standard solutions of redox-active species.

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Oxidative potential of the inhalation bioaccessible fraction of PM10 and bioaccessible concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal(oid)s in PM10

Novo–Quiza,

Sánchez–Piñero,

Moreda–Piñeiro

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been related to numerous adverse health effects in humans. Nowadays, it is believed that one of the possible mechanisms of toxicity could be the oxidative stress, which involves the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different assays have been proposed to characterize oxidative stress, such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) acellular assays (OPDTT and OPAA), as a metric more relevant than PM mass measurement for PM toxicity. This study evaluates the OP of the bioaccessible fraction of 65 PM10 samples collected at an Atlantic Coastal European urban site using DTT and AA assays. A physiologically based extraction (PBET) using Gamble’s solution (GS) as a simulated lung fluid (SLF) was used for the assessment of the bioaccessible fraction of PM10. The use of the bioaccessible fraction, instead of the fraction assessed using conventional phosphate buffer and ultrasounds assisted extraction (UAE), was compared for OP assessment. Correlations between OPDTT and OPAA, as well as total and bioaccessible concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(oid)s, were investigated to explore the association between those compounds and OP. A correlation was found between both OP (OPDTT and OPAA) and total and bioaccessible concentrations of PAHs and several metal(oid)s such as As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ni, and V. Additionally, OPDTT was found to be related to the level of K+.

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PM2.5 and PM10 oxidative potential at a Central Mediterranean Site: Contrasts between dithiothreitol- and ascorbic acid-measured values in relation with particle size and chemical composition

Cited by 64 publications

References 58 publications

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Effect of filter extraction solvents on the measurement of the oxidative potential of airborne PM2.5

Oxidative potential of the inhalation bioaccessible fraction of PM10 and bioaccessible concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal(oid)s in PM10

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