PM10 Emission, Sandblasting Efficiency and Vertical Entrainment During Successive Wind-Erosion Events: A Wind-Tunnel Approach

Panebianco, Juan Esteban; Méndez, Mariano Javier; Buschiazzo, Daniel Eduardo

doi:10.1007/s10546-016-0172-7

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This is demonstrated by the sandblasting efficiency (Figure 6), which is the ratio between the PM10 flux and the saltation flux [33,43]. The sandblasting efficiency in sample 63-250 µm (presented as 156 µm) was found to be the highest compared with other samples with a similar size range [33,44,45]. In the studies of Swet et al [33] and Huang et al [46], the sandblasting efficiency is low despite the similarities to samples 63-250 µm and 250-500 µm of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dependence of the Dust Emission on the Aggregate Sizes in Loess Soils

Gelbart

Katra

2020

Applied Sciences

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Dust emission resulted from soil erosion by wind with significant impacts of soil (nutrient) loss and air pollution of particulate matter (PM). The ejection of dust from soil aggregates due to saltation has been hypothesized to play a major role in dust emission. Yet empirical information on the role of different aggregate sizes in dust emission is still lacking. The main goal of this study was to explore the dust emission threshold in different aggregate sizes of a semiarid loess soil. To this end, we conducted targeted wind-tunnel experiment on dust emission. The results show that dust emission from aggregate at size of 63–250 µm, 250–500 µm, and 500–1000 µm is enabled only under the conditions of saltation. The dust-PM threshold at shear velocities of 0.24–0.52 m/s depends on the aggregates size. Aggregates at the size of saltators (125–500 µm) were the most productive in dust generation by the mechanism of aggregate disintegration. In our bulk sample, the aggregate group of 63–250 µm has the highest contribution to the total dust emission. The study aimed to advance our capability in soil resources management and for model parameterization in dust emission schemes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dependence of the Dust Emission on the Aggregate Sizes in Loess Soils

Gelbart

Katra

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…8c). Furthermore, in comparison to the sandblasting for the clay and clay loam, the dust that originated from aerodynamic entrainment (which was not taken into account by the present dust models) significantly contributed up to 28.3 % and 146.4 %, respectively (Parajuli et al, 2016). The calculations of vertical dust flux should be further examined in the future to understand its contribution to model bias for key soil types.…”

Section: Performance Of Cmaq V521 Dust Simulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, there is uncertainty related to the spatial resolution of air quality models at regional and global scales (Foroutan et al, 2017). Most importantly, recent studies have suggested that dust emissions by direct aerodynamic entrainment (or convective turbulent dust emission) are about one-third of sandblasting dust emissions Parajuli et al, 2016;Ju et al, 2018), yet the parameterizing of direct aerodynamic entrainment processes has not been implemented in the dust schemes of air quality models. This should be addressed in future work.…”

Section: Intermodel Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodel simulations of a springtime dust storm over northeastern China: implications of an evaluation of four commonly used air quality models (CMAQ v5.2.1, CAMx v6.50, CHIMERE v2017r4, and WRF-Chem v3.9.1)

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2019

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. Mineral dust particles play an important role in the Earth system, imposing a variety of effects on air quality, climate, human health, and economy. Accurate forecasts of dust events are highly desirable to provide an early warning and inform the decision-making process. East Asia is one of the largest dust sources in the world. This study applies and evaluates four widely used regional air quality models to simulate dust storms in northeastern China. Three dust schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) (version 3.9.1), two schemes in both CHIMERE (version 2017r4) and CMAQ (version 5.2.1), and one scheme in CAMx (version 6.50) were applied to a dust event during 4–6 May 2015 in northeastern China. Most of these models were able to capture this dust event with the exception of CAMx, which has no dust source map covering the study area; hence, another dust source mask map was introduced to replace the default one for the subsequent simulation. Although these models reproduced the spatial pattern of the dust plume, there were large discrepancies between predicted and observed PM10 concentrations in each model. In general, CHIMERE had relatively better performance among all simulations with default configurations. After parameter tuning, WRF-Chem with the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) scheme using a seasonal dust source map from Ginoux et al. (2012) showed the best performance, followed by WRF-Chem with the UOC_Shao2004 scheme, CHIMERE, and CMAQ. The performance of CAMx had significantly improved by substituting the default dust map and removing the friction velocity limitation. This study suggested that the dust source maps should be carefully selected on a regional scale or replaced with a new one constructed with local data. Moreover, further study and measurement of sandblasting efficiency of different soil types and locations should be conducted to improve the accuracy of estimated vertical dust fluxes in air quality models.

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“…Some studies (Kang et al, 2011;Foroutan et al, 2017;Ma et al, 2019) have implemented this formulation in the model and proposed the proper range of these parameters over different soil types. Many measurements from laboratory experiments and field observations have demonstrated the close relationship between α and u * (Gillette et al, 1997;Gomes et al, 2003;Rajot et al, 2003;Roney and White, 2006;Macpherson et al, 2008;Panebianco et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). To improve the original scheme, we extract α from these measurements over different soil types, based on the expression of LS99, as depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Sandblasting Efficiency αmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revised mineral dust emission scheme in GEOS-Chem: improvements in dust simulations over China

Tian

Zhao

2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Mineral dust plays a significant role in climate change and air quality, but large uncertainties remain in terms of dust emission prediction. In this study, we improved treatment of the dust emission process in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem v12.6.0), by incorporating the geographical variation of aerodynamic roughness length (Z0), smooth roughness length (Z0s) and soil texture and by introducing the Owen effect and the formulation of the sandblasting efficiency α by Lu and Shao (1999). To investigate the impact of the modifications incorporated in the model, several sensitivity simulations were performed for a severe dust storm during 27 March to 2 April 2015 over northern China. Results show that simulated threshold friction velocity is very sensitive to the updated Z0 and Z0s field, with the relative difference ranging from 10 % to 60 % compared to the original model with a uniform value. The inclusion of the Owen effect leads to an increase in surface friction velocity, which mainly occurs in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. The substitution of a fixed value of α assumed in the original scheme with one varying with friction velocity and soil texture based on observations reduces α by 50 % on average, especially over regions with sand texture. Comparisons of sensitivity simulations and measurements show that the revised scheme with the implementation of updates provides more realistic threshold friction velocities and PM10 mass concentrations. The performance of the improved model has been evaluated against surface PM10 observations as well as MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) values, showing that the spatial and temporal variation of mineral dust are better captured by the revised scheme. Due to the inclusion of the improvement, average PM10 concentrations at observational sites are more comparable to the observations, and the average mean bias (MB) and normalized mean bias (NMB) values are reduced from −196.29 µg m−3 and −52.79 % to −47.72 µg m−3 and −22.46 % respectively. Our study suggests that the erodibility factor, sandblasting efficiency and soil-related properties which are simply assumed in the empirical scheme may lack a physical mechanism and spatial–temporal representativeness. Further study and measurements should be conducted to obtain a more realistic and detailed map of these parameters in order to improve dust representation in the model.

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PM10 Emission, Sandblasting Efficiency and Vertical Entrainment During Successive Wind-Erosion Events: A Wind-Tunnel Approach

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Dependence of the Dust Emission on the Aggregate Sizes in Loess Soils

Dependence of the Dust Emission on the Aggregate Sizes in Loess Soils

Multimodel simulations of a springtime dust storm over northeastern China: implications of an evaluation of four commonly used air quality models (CMAQ v5.2.1, CAMx v6.50, CHIMERE v2017r4, and WRF-Chem v3.9.1)

A revised mineral dust emission scheme in GEOS-Chem: improvements in dust simulations over China

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