PM10 emission factors for non-exhaust particles generated by road traffic in an urban street canyon and along a freeway in Switzerland

Bukowiecki, Nicolas; Lienemann, Peter; Hill, Matthias; Furger, Markus; Richard, A.; Amato, Fúlvio; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Baltensperger, Urs; Buchmann, B.; Gehrig, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.039

Cited by 255 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Fossil EC in the coarse mode is unlikely emitted directly from combustion sources such as traffic-related exhaust, as most of these exhaust particles are found in the fine size fractions (Lighty et al 2000). Instead, fossil EC in the coarse mode is usually assumed to originate from resuspension of vehicle non-exhaust emissions from tire wear, brake wear, and road surface wear (Bukowiecki et al 2010). Consequently, the contributions of the vehicle non-exhaust emissions to total EC in PM 10 obtained were 7%, 12%, 18%, and 18% at Roveredo, Zürich, Moleno, and Bern, respectively.…”

Section: Ec and Oc Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. Radiocarbon offers a unique possibility for unambiguous source apportionment of carbonaceous particles due to a direct distinction of non-fossil and fossil carbon. In this work, particulate matter of different size fractions was collected at 4 sites in Switzerland to examine whether fine and coarse carbonaceous particles exhibit different fossil and contemporary sources. Elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) as well as water-soluble OC (WSOC) and water-insoluble OC (WINSOC) were separated and determined for subsequent 14 C measurement. In general, both fossil and non-fossil fractions in OC and EC were found more abundant in the fine than in the coarse mode. However, a substantial fraction (~20 ± 5%) of fossil EC was found in coarse particles, which could be attributed to traffic-induced non-exhaust emissions. The contribution of biomass burning to coarse-mode EC in winter was relatively high, which is likely associated to the coating of EC with organic and/or inorganic substances emitted from intensive wood burning. Further, fossil OC (i.e. from vehicle emissions) was found to be smaller than non-fossil OC due to the presence of primary biogenic OC and/or growing in size of wood-burning OC particles during aging processes. 14 C content in WSOC indicated that the second organic carbon rather stems from non-fossil precursors for all samples. Interestingly, both fossil and non-fossil WINSOC concentrations were found to be higher in fine particles than in coarse particles in winter, which is likely due to primary wood burning emissions and/or secondary formation of WINSOC.

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Section: Ec and Oc Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

et al. 2013

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“…In the paper [6] the results of measurements carried out for two types of roads were showed. The first type was represented by an urban road located in a street canyon (buildings height of 10-20 m), characterized by heavy traffic (about 20 000 vehicles⋅day -1 ) and frequent traffic jams (Zürich, Switzerland) and the second type was represented by a motorway with a traffic density of approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly susceptible to excessive air pollutant concentrations in the air are the areas located within the street canyons [1][2][3][4]. This can be explained by the occurrence of specific air circulation conditions that are not conducive to unhindered dispersion of pollutants emitted from the road transport [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies conducted worldwide indicate that the resuspended dust emission constitutes a significant share in the PM10 concentrations in the air near the transport routes [6,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Research carried out in the US city of Tucson (Arizona) in the winter showed that the fraction of particulate matter from the fuel combustion in car engines and the share of re-entrained road dust ranged from 4-40 % and 30-50 % of the total PM10 concentration in the air, respectively [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-entrained road dust PM10 emission from selected streets of Krakow and its impact on air quality

Bogacki

Mazur

Oleniacz

et al. 2018

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Scientific research studies conducted in various parts of the world confirm that PM10 concentrations in urban air depend to a great extent on the resuspension processes of the dust deposited on the road surface. The paper presents the results of the study related to the determination of the re-entrained PM10 emissions from four selected streets of Krakow (Southern Poland) together with the assessment of its impact on air quality. Examined streets are characterised by different traffic intensity (from 500 to over 20 000 vehicles per day) and individual vehicle structure. Dust material sampling and estimation of the PM10 emission were conducted according to the U.S. EPA methodology (AP 42 Fifth Edition). Two variants of sample collection were applied: from the road surface including the area at the curb (4 streets) and from the road surface alone (1 street). The estimates of resuspended road dust emission as well as the reference values derived from the U.S. EPA guidelines were used to assess the impact of this emission on the PM10 levels in the air at the location of one of the analysed streets. This assessment was conducted using the CALINE4 mathematical model. The study showed that the PM10 emissions from the re-entrained road dust can be responsible for up to 25 % in the winter and 50 % in the summer of the total PM10 concentrations in the air near the roads.

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“…Emissions from road traffic have a significant share of road dust. Road dust have been found to be an important source of particulate matter (PM) -a carrier of many toxic substances, including heavy metals [BUKOWIECKI et al 2010;KARANASIOU et al 2011]. The use of gasoline type fuels, oils, lubricants, grease as well as tire or brake pad wear are sources of metal contaminants like Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn [CHRIS- TOFORIDIS, STAMATIS 2009] The road dust consists of pollution from transport and all other urban dust sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban planning solutions in the context of dispersion of road pollution

Jakubiak

Urbański

2016

Journal of Water and Land Development

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Dense road network change the landscape as well as in many different ways affect the environment and living organisms. The works on reducing the exposures to traffic pollutants carried out all around the world. In the last decade, noise barriers in large numbers began to appear along the main streets and became a common feature of urban architecture in Poland. Besides being barriers to the spread of the noise on the neighboring areas these constructions might also contribute to reducing the spread of air pollution, especially road dust particles with associated trace metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn).The aim of the study described in the article was to examine if the extent to which "green walls" noise barriers and transparent acrylic-glass noise barriers located along roads can contribute to a change in the spread of trace elements from the road traffic to outside of the road area. Toxic metals which occur in road dust in significant concentrations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were selected and their concentrations in soil samples were examined. The samples were collected at close vicinity of the road edge in an open area as well as in an area with noise barriers.

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PM10 emission factors for non-exhaust particles generated by road traffic in an urban street canyon and along a freeway in Switzerland

Cited by 255 publications

References 38 publications

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

Re-entrained road dust PM10 emission from selected streets of Krakow and its impact on air quality

Urban planning solutions in the context of dispersion of road pollution

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