PM10 concentrations and the size distribution of Cu and Fe-containing particles in Istanbul’s subway system

Periodic Local Multi-way Analysis and Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality in a Subway System Considering the Weekly Effect

“…By the contribution plot in variable mode, an abnormal condition of the weekday model was observed at around 3 h, which found that PM 2.5 and PM 10 were the most contributed variables. This means that PM 2.5 and PM 10 have a greater effect on the IAQ at that time, and should be controlled more precisely using ventilation or some other suitable methods. Figure 15 represents D 2 and SPE monitoring of the weekend model.…”

“…The periodic pattern of indoor air pollutants depends on several factors, such as the numbers of passengers and trains, and the preceding IAQ. In addition, there are strong correlations between several factors, since most subway systems adjust the train schedule based on the time slot, which depends on the number of passengers [2,10]. Kwon et al [11] reported that the weekday concentrations of PMs in the station platform were significantly larger than those present during weekends, due to the lower number of commuters and the reduced frequency of trains during the weekend.…”

“…This phenomena, which shows different patterns with the interval of the week, can be termed as ''the weekly effect''. The fluctuation of pollutants monitored also has a close relationship with the number of passengers and the frequency of trains, because these are increased markedly during the rush hour [10,12]. The effect that appears with the time interval within a day is referred to as ''the daily effect''.…”

“…Much work has been carried out in monitoring air pollutants to maintain the IAQ for occupants' comfort and health. Some of them have analyzed the concentrations, properties, and composition of various hazardous materials, such as PMs [15][16][17], particles containing copper and iron [10], and volatile organic compounds [17,18]. Moreover, some research focused on the monitoring of the IAQ in various spaces such as homes [19][20][21], offices [20], restaurants [20], apartments [21], libraries [22], and subway stations [9,23].…”

“…The typical univariate monitoring charts for the air pollutants at a monitored subway station: (a) CO 2 and (b) PM10 .…”