PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and olfactory functions

Andersson, John; Oudin, Anna; Nordin, Steven; Forsberg, Bertil

doi:10.1080/09603123.2021.1973969

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It has been proposed that the acute, toxic effects of inflammation following short-term air pollution exposure, such as one's average daily exposure, may lead to telomere lengthening by the activation of the enzyme telomerase (27). In the present study we find it unlikely that short-term exposure would influence the results however, since we have previously seen that the correlation between short-term levels and long-term exposure is very low in the Betula study (28).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Associations Between Air Pollution and relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Northern Swedish Adults: Insights from the Betula Study

Raza,

Pudas,

Kanninen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Air pollution is increasingly discussed as a risk factor for dementia, but the biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Cellular integrity markers like telomere length are relevant to investigate in relation to air pollution exposure in this context, as they are associated with aging and dementia. Previous studies on air pollution and telomere length have somewhat mixed results, which may partly be due to differences in air pollution modelling, composition, and concentrations. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between source-specific air pollution exposure and telomere length in a low-level air pollution area. Data were obtained from the Betula project, a longitudinal study in Northern Sweden dedicated to studying aging, memory and dementia. A total of 519 participants who were recruited between 1988 and 1995 were included, whose relative telomere length was measured, and who were followed-up with respect to dementia for more than 20 years. To estimate annual mean air pollution concentrations, a dispersion model linked to each participant's residential address was employed. We conducted linear regression to explore the associations between annual mean air pollution concentrations at participants' residences and relative leukocyte telomere length. In the whole sample, there was no support for air pollution to affect telomere length, with regression slope estimates close to zero and p-values >0.10. There were tendencies for a positive association of longer telomere length and higher exposure to air pollution among individuals who were later diagnosed with dementia (N = 74), but these findings were not conclusive (p-values >0.10). The findings raise questions about susceptibility to air pollution and the state of the inflammatory response in individuals who later will develop dementia. Given the imprecise nature of these estimates, caution is advised in their interpretation however, and validation in other studies is essential.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Associations Between Air Pollution and relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Northern Swedish Adults: Insights from the Betula Study

Raza,

Pudas,

Kanninen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Thus, one possible explanation to our results is that pollution independently is associated with risk of dementia, and declining olfactory function. However, a previous study using the Betula cohort [ 17 ] concluded that air pollution had no detrimental effects on olfactory functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study [ 16 ] found associations between air pollution and decline in odor identification ability, in an area with relatively low levels of pollution. However, a previous study also using data from the Betula Project [ 17 ] found no associations between air pollution and olfactory functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

PM2.5 and Dementia in a Low Exposure Setting: The Influence of Odor Identification Ability and APOE

Andersson

Sundström

Segersson

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Growing evidence show that long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between PM2.5 exposure and dementia in a low exposure area, and to investigate the role of olfaction and the APOE ɛ4 allele in these associations. Methods: Data were drawn from the Betula project, a longitudinal study on aging, memory, and dementia in Sweden. Odor identification ability was assessed using the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT). Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from a dispersion-model and matched at the participants’ residential address. Proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios. Results: Of 1,846 participants, 348 developed dementia during the 21-year follow-up period. The average annual mean PM2.5 exposure at baseline was 6.77μg/m3, which is 1.77μg/m3 above the WHO definition of clean air. In a fully adjusted model (adjusted for age, sex, APOE, SOIT, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, and education) each 1μg/m3 difference in annual mean PM2.5-concentration was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.23 for dementia (95% CI: 1.01–1.50). Analyses stratified by APOE status (ɛ4 carriers versus non-carriers), and odor identification ability (high versus low), showed associations only for ɛ4 carriers, and for low performance on odor identification ability. Conclusion: PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of dementia in this low pollution setting. The associations between PM2.5 and dementia seemed stronger in APOE carriers and those with below average odor identification ability.

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“…While particulate matter is not directly related to bad odours, as it is seemingly odourless, it may be associated with sources (industrial or agricultural) that produce bad odours. However, relevant research provides evidence of a positive association between long-term PM 2.5 exposure and odour identification [22]. Furthermore, sulphur dioxide is a gas with a strong, irritating and pungent odour used in a variety of workplaces (i.e., in inorganic and petrochemical industries) [23], making it an ideal choice for the needs of our research.…”

Section: Data Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Smell Events in Urban Pittsburgh with Machine and Deep Learning Techniques

Gavros,

Hsu,

Karatzas

2024

Atmosphere

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By deploying machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, we address the problem of smell event modelling in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. We use the Smell Pittsburgh dataset to develop a model that can reflect the relation between bad smell events and industrial pollutants in a specific urban territory. The initial dataset resulted from crowd-sourcing citizen reports using a mobile phone application, which we categorised in a binary matter (existence or absence of smell events). We investigate the mapping of smell data with air pollution levels that were recorded by a reference station located in the southeastern area of the city. The initial dataset is processed and evaluated to produce an updated dataset, which is used as an input to assess various ML and DL models for modelling smell events. The models utilise a set of air quality and climate data to associate them with a smell event to investigate to what extent these data correlate with unpleasant odours in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The model results are satisfactory, reaching an accuracy of 69.6, with ML models mostly outperforming DL models. This work also demonstrates the feasibility of combining environmental modelling with crowd-sourced information, which may be adopted in other cities when relevant data are available.

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PM_2.5 exposure and olfactory functions

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Associations Between Air Pollution and relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Northern Swedish Adults: Insights from the Betula Study

Associations Between Air Pollution and relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Northern Swedish Adults: Insights from the Betula Study

PM2.5 and Dementia in a Low Exposure Setting: The Influence of Odor Identification Ability and APOE

Modelling Smell Events in Urban Pittsburgh with Machine and Deep Learning Techniques

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PM2.5 exposure and olfactory functions

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Associations Between Air Pollution and relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Northern Swedish Adults: Insights from the Betula Study

Associations Between Air Pollution and relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Northern Swedish Adults: Insights from the Betula Study

PM2.5 and Dementia in a Low Exposure Setting: The Influence of Odor Identification Ability and APOE

Modelling Smell Events in Urban Pittsburgh with Machine and Deep Learning Techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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PM_2.5 exposure and olfactory functions