PM 9/25 (1) Bactericera cockerelli and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

Abstract

Specific scope This Standard describes a national regulatory control system for Bactericera cockerelli and the bacterial pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ the cause of zebra chip disease in potato. The scope is as follows: Exclusion from the EPPO region of B. cockerelli an efficient vector of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ within solanaceous crops (e.g. potato, tomato) Eradication of incursions of B. cockerelli Exclusion from the EPPO region of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ haplotypes A and B. Although reference will only be made to haplotypes A and B, the Standard would also apply to new non‐European haplotypes of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ which may have different host ranges, or which may be vectored more efficiently by psyllids which are widespread in the region. The reduction of the risk of spreading ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ haplotypes C, D and E to potato production systems and potatoes being moved within the EPPO region may be recommended in future when more information is available but is not covered in this Standard. Specific approval First approved in 2017‐09.

‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ Is Unlikely to Be Transmitted Spontaneously from Infected Carrot Plants to Citrus Plants by Trioza Erytreae

“…and goji berry (Lycium barbarum L., L. chinense Mill.) [6]. In Europe, this bacterium was associated for the first time with carrot (Daucus carota L.) disease in Finland [7] and then in Spain [8,9].…”

A diagnostic real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of the tomato-potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) and development of a psyllid barcoding database

“…The success rates of eradications are dependent on the length of time between introduction, detection, and implementation of eradication measures as Lso displays a short transmission time from B. cockerelli to potatoes [4,25]. Feasibly, methodology described in this study could be used to extract DNA from a specimen and test for B. cockerelli positives within 6-12 hrs or quicker.…”

“…There are currently no methods described within the EPPO "agreed diagnostic protocol for identification of B. cockerelli" [4]. In addition, the current EPPO control system for B. cockerelli and Lso [4] highlights the importance of identifying psyllid eggs and immatures on various plant materials during inspections and monitoring but gives minimal guidelines for achieving this. Validation of this assay demonstrates that it would be a reliable and accurate tool for use in this area and it will therefore be prepared for consideration by the EPPO diagnostic panel.…”

“…This leads to stunted growth and loss of yield [2]. Bactericera cockerelli is also the main vector of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) which is associated with Zebra Chip in Central and North America and New Zealand [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Bactericera cockerelli is thought to originate from South-Western USA and Mexico [2,9] and from here has spread via natural and human-mediated dispersal to extend its range [10].…”

“…Currently, B. cockerelli is considered an A1 quarantine pest in the EPPO region [4]. Consignments of aubergine and Capsicum from Mexico infested with immature and adult stages of B. cockerelli were intercepted four times during UK border inspections between 2017-2018; indicating that there is a real threat of this pest making an incursion into the EPPO region if not properly monitored [41].…”