PM 7/110 (1) <i>Xanthomonas</i> spp. (<i>Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria</i>) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper

doi:10.1111/epp.12018

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…allii, X. euvesicatoria, X. hortorum pv. gardneri, X. perforans and X. vesicatoria) still require several steps-observation of disease symptoms, microscopic examination, pathogen isolation, pathogenicity tests and molecular tests [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Having in mind that only recently X. euroxanthea was proposed as a new species [4], isolated from different plant hosts [7][8][9][10], for which the nature of the bacteria-plant interaction is still unknown, and no distinct symptoms have been described [4], the herein proposed multiplex PCR is the tool available for accurate detection and identification of X. euroxanthea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Markers for Detection and Genotyping of Xanthomonas euroxanthea

et al. 2022

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Xanthomonas euroxanthea is a bacterial species encompassing both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains and is frequently found colonizing the same host plants as X. arboricola. This presents the need to develop a detection and genotyping assay able to track these bacteria in microbial consortia with other xanthomonads. Eight X. euroxanthea-specific DNA markers (XEA1-XEA8) were selected by comparative genomics and validated in silico regarding their specificity and consistency using BLASTn, synteny analysis, CG content, codon usage (CAI/eCAI values) and genomic proximity to plasticity determinants. In silico, the selected eight DNA markers were found to be specific and conserved across the genomes of 11 X. euroxanthea strains, and in particular, five DNA markers (XEA4, XEA5, XEA6, XEA7 and XEA8) were unfailingly found in these genomes. A multiplex of PCR targeting markers XEA1 (819 bp), XEA8 (648 bp) and XEA5 (295 bp) was shown to successfully detect X. euroxanthea down to 1 ng of DNA (per PCR reaction). The topology of trees generated with the concatenated sequences of three markers (XEA5, XEA6 and XEA8) and four housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoD, fyuA and acnB) underlined the equal discriminatory power of these features and thus the suitability of the DNA markers to discriminate X. euroxanthea lineages. Overall, this study displays a DNA-marker-based method for the detection and genotyping of X. euroxanthea strains, contributing to monitoring for its presence in X. arboricola-colonizing habitats. The present study proposes a workflow for the selection of species-specific detection markers. Prospectively, this assay could contribute to unveil alternative host species of Xanthomonas euroxanthea; and improve the control of phytopathogenic strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Markers for Detection and Genotyping of Xanthomonas euroxanthea

et al. 2022

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“…gardneri. Xanthomonads cause necrotic lesions on leaves with polygonal shape, surrounded by chlorotic tissue; symptoms on fruits are scab-like raised whitish lesions, which leads to their decreased market value [46]. Xanthomonads enter their host plants primarily through stomata and lenticels but wounds (e.g., trimming/pinching lesions or hail wounds) can also occasionally provide penetration sites into the host plants.…”

Section: Phytopathogenic Bacteria In Tomato and Pepper Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds are associated/contaminated by Xanthomonads, where bacteria can be deposited on the seed surface mixed with the infected pulp; internal seed infections are also reported [48]. Xanthomonads can survive on/in stored seed for up to 10 years [45,46]. Indeed, infested tomato and pepper seeds can serve as a significant source of primary inoculum in transplants and fruit production systems [49,50].…”

Section: Phytopathogenic Bacteria In Tomato and Pepper Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial cultivation of tomatoes and peppers starts with transplanting plantlets in open fields or in protected environments (e.g., tunnels and glasshouses); in such cases, transplants represent the main source of primary inoculum, whereas in contaminated water, plant residues from a previous crop or reservoir plants may provide an additional source of additional inoculum (Figure 2). Therefore, to ensure the highest phytosanitary standards along the tomato/pepper production chains, the key issue is the phytosanitary certification of seeds (mandatory in the case of regulated pathogens) and the possible analysis of transplants [46].…”

Section: How Phytopathogenic Clavibacters Pseudomonas Syringae Pv Tom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomato and Pepper Seeds as Pathways for the Dissemination of Phytopathogenic Bacteria: A Constant Challenge for the Seed Industry and the Sustainability of Crop Production

Xhemali,

Giovanardi,

Biondi

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The seed industry plays a crucial role in global food production but it faces a persistent challenge in ensuring the health and quality of seeds, particularly those of tomato and pepper seeds, which represent key seed commodities on the global market. Seeds can serve as potential pathways for the introduction and dissemination of seed-borne bacteria, which may have devastating effects on crop yield, farmers’ remunerability, and food security. Therefore, fungicides and other antimicrobial compounds are extensively used to disinfect the seeds, thus increasing the input of chemicals in the agri-environment. In this review, we address aspects that connect disease epidemiology with seed infection and health, including seed contamination, endophytic colonization, and seed-borne infections. We focused on the main bacterial diseases affecting tomato and pepper seeds by discussing their official seed testing methods as requirements supporting a smooth seed trade. Moreover, we present a survey on the past and recent innovations for seed treatments, focusing on sustainable disinfection methods. Therefore, this review will be a short but indispensable guide for seed technologists and pathologists involved in the production of high-quality seeds, providing indications and suggestions to contrast seed-borne pathogen dissemination and avoid international controversies and complaints by phytosanitary authorities, extension services, and farmers.

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“…이 중에서 X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria 및 X. gardneri가 고추를 침해하며 X. perforans는 토마토만 침입하는 것 으로 알려져 있다 (Jones et al, 1998). 고추의 세균성점무늬병에는 X. euvesicatoria가 주요 원인 균종인 것으로 보인다 (Jones et al, 1998(Jones et al, , 2004EPPO, 2013). X. euvesicatoria의 병원성 변이형(race)은 기주 식물의 과민반응형 저항성(hypersensitive resistance) 유전자와의 특이적 반응에 따라 현재까지 race 0부터 race 10까지 분류하고 있으나 (Sahin and Miller, 1998;Kousik and Ritchie, 1999;Stall et al, 2009) 국내에서는 오랜 기간 race 1과 race 3만 알려졌으며 (Kim et al, 1990;Pae et al, 1994;Lee and Cho, 1996), 최근 Bs4 유전자를 보유한 PI235047을 이용하여 race 7과 race 8까지 분류되었다 (Wai et al, 2015).…”

Section: 서 언unclassified

Characterization of Sources of Resistance to Bacterial Spot in Capsicum Peppers

Byeon,

Abebe,

Jegal

et al. 2016

HST

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A total of 33 accessions of pepper (Capsicum spp.), including previously reported and newly discovered sources of resistance to bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, were evaluated for their resistance to bacterial spot. The selected accessions were then grown and their horticultural characteristics were recorded. In a test for hypersensitive resistance (HR) to four races (P1, P3, P7, P8) of the pathogen found in Korea, KC00939 and Chilbok No.2, which carry the Bs2 gene, exhibited a hypersensitive response to all four races, as expected. Chilbok No.3, which carries the Bs3 gene, showed a hypersensitive reaction to race 1 and 7, as expected. KC00939 exhibited a high ASTA color value and tolerance to multiple infections from a viral complex of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV). Thus, this accession represents a promising genetic resource for breeding cultivars with multiple disease resistance and strong red coloration. KC01327,

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PM 7/110 (1) Xanthomonas spp. (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

DNA Markers for Detection and Genotyping of Xanthomonas euroxanthea

DNA Markers for Detection and Genotyping of Xanthomonas euroxanthea

Tomato and Pepper Seeds as Pathways for the Dissemination of Phytopathogenic Bacteria: A Constant Challenge for the Seed Industry and the Sustainability of Crop Production

Characterization of Sources of Resistance to Bacterial Spot in Capsicum Peppers

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