Plyustransgression in winter wheat breeding on frost resistance and productivity

Abstract

The results of breeding on the Don using transgressive variability during 1985 - 2018 are presented. The location is a chernozem steppe with frequent frosts, insufficient and unstable moistening over the years. The technology of breeding is common. Used pedigree and bulk method. New when laying a breeding nursery was sowing up to 45 thousand untreated ears of a designed planter (to eliminate weeding during threshing ears), determining the frost resistance of plants that have been hardened in the field, in bundles placed in plastic bags, in low temperatures, determining their viability for three days after freezing by the Don method. A large layer of studies ( more than 11,000 populations) was analyzed, starting with F1 and ending with the completion of formation for each. It is confirmed that transgression, the result of the recombination, is observed in populations whose parents do not have extreme severity of the trait. It is established that populations should be heterogeneous with long-term formation. This happens when parents have very few common genes, when there is no restriction on recombination due to too large differences in components. With the presence of overdominance in F1 in many studied populations, it is possible to predict the appearance of transgressions (in our case for frost-resistance and productivity) with an average frequency of 0.25-4.36%. With the incomplete and complete dominance of the trait of the best parent, the excess of parents in F2 on average over the population, intermediate inheritance in F2 traits are also possible, but an order of magnitude less than when overdominated. This should be accompanied by large volumes of study of the breeding material in the first stages and the pressure of stresses of various kinds. Of the 38 varieties that at various times included in the State Register of Russia, 29 were transgressive recombinants for winter hardiness and productivity. They all withstand minus 18⁰ С on the tillering knot

Use of a reproduction practice by a whole ear in winter wheat primary seed farming

“…Sowing of the breeding nursery with unfinished ears was proposed at the Research Institute of Agriculture named after V.V. Dokuchaev (Molokostova E.I., 1990) and Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Regions of Non-Chernozemic Zone (Sandukhadze B.I., 1995) [9].…”

“…As a result, four workers provide sowing of 40-50 thousand ears for 2 days for the needs of selection and seed production. On one linear meter three ears were sown [9]. Sowing with an unfinished ear according to the 40x45 cm scheme made it possible to increase the number of studied lines, save the area [12].…”