Plural Transformation-Processes from Spiral to Coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its Viability

Saito, Nagahito; Konishi, Katsuaki; Sato, Fusako; Kato, Mototsugu; Takeda, Hiroshi; Sugiyama, Toshiro; Asaka, Masahiro

doi:10.1053/jinf.2002.1047

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1C) and B forms (Fig. 1D) of coccoid Helicobacter (19,20) were present in our long-term cultures. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis (9, 10) of rod-shaped and coccoid cells revealed some 1,500 protein species that are reproducibly present under both culture conditions but also a few reproducibly stage-specific protein species (Fig.…”

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confidence: 57%

“…In addition, proteome studies previously demonstrated the appearance of several distinct protein species in coccoid Helicobacter total lysates (7) as well as in extracts of surface-associated proteins (16), but these coccoid-specific protein species have not yet been identified. Recent reports about the heterogeneity of coccoid Helicobacter with a viable A form and a nonviable B form might partially resolve this long controversy (19,20). However, even if some coccoid Helicobacter cells remain viable and potentially infectious, it is unclear if such cells have distinct properties that could be of relevance for specific aspects of infection or transmission.…”

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Lack of Stage-Specific Proteins in Coccoid Helicobacter pylori Cells

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Lack of Stage-Specific Proteins in Coccoid Helicobacter pylori Cells

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“…The degree of photosensitivity of H. pylori increases with the age of the culture with a 4 day old culture being most sensitive. Cultures significantly older than 4 days run the risk of becoming coccoid and nonculturable (5,27). There is some variability (1 to 2 logs) in the light-induced killing of H. pylori cultures even of the same strain and chronological age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Accumulates Photoactive Porphyrins and Is Killed by Visible Light

Hamblin

Viveiros

Yang

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

202

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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the mucus layer of the human stomach and duodenum, causes chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. There is a 20% failure rate in antibiotic therapy, which is increasingly due to antibiotic resistance and necessitates the search for alternative antimicrobial methods. We have discovered that H. pylori when cultured in liquid medium, accumulates significant quantities of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin IX, both in the cells and secreted into the medium. These photoactive porphyrins lead to cell death (up to 5 logs) by photodynamic action upon illumination with low doses of visible light, with blue/violet light being most efficient. The degree of killing increases with the age of the culture and is greater than that found with Propionibacterium acnes (another bacterium known to be photosensitive due to porphyrin accumulation). Both virulent and drug-resistant strains are killed. The data suggest that phototherapy might be used to treat H. pylori infection in the human stomach.Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium which selectively colonizes the mucus layer of the human stomach and duodenum (7). As more than 50% of the world population is infected and in some countries infection rates approach 90%, H. pylori can be termed the world's commonest infectious agent (19). H. pylori infection has been shown to be strongly associated with the presence of inflammation and chronic gastritis, and once acquired, H. pylori persists, usually for life, unless eradicated by antimicrobial therapy (15). It is now known that H. pylori is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease, and in 1994, the International Agency for Cancer Research declared that H. pylori was a carcinogen of humans and was implicated in the development of gastric cancer (11).The most common antibacterial treatment regimens include bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline, and a proton pump inhibitor, or clarithromycin in combination with a proton pump inhibitor and amoxicillin (10). Combinations such as the above lead to eradication rates of about 80% but at the expense of side effects and possible poor patient compliance. Increasing development of antibiotic resistance among H. pylori isolates and the existence of nonresponsive patients suggest that alternative strategies for H. pylori eradication be sought (22).Photodynamic therapy uses the combination of nontoxic dyes (frequently porphyrins or their derivatives) and harmless visible light to produce cytotoxicity via generation of reactive oxygen species (25). Photodynamic therapy has been clinically approved for various malignant, premalignant, and ophthalmologic conditions (6). It has long been known that many microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, and viruses can be killed by photodynamic therapy, and recently photodynamic therapy has been investigated as a treatment for infectious disease (12). The grampositive bacterium that causes acne, Propionibacterium acnes, is kil...

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“…The coccoid form can change into the spiral form under certain conditions and this supposition increases the risk of H. pylori transmission through water. Studies show that the coccoid form of H. pylori, with a smaller amount of DNA and mRNA relative to the spiral form, has oxidative metabolism and respiration (18,23). Therefore, water can play a major role in H. pylori transmission and the bacteria can survive as long as 20 days in distilled water, while their pathogenic ability remains (24).…”

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Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Abiri

Bagherabadi

Kashef

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: There should be a public environmental reservoir for Helicobacter pylori in the developing countries, such as Iran, due to their high infection rate of over 70%. Epidemiological findings revealed that water could be a possible source of H. pylori transmission. However, high prevalence of H. pylori in drinking water in Kermanshah, West of Iran, was detected in the authors' previously published study. The current study aims at designing a more accurate and rapid procedure to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter species and cagA gene in drinking water samples in Kermanshah, from October to December 2012. Methods: In the current study, 60 tap water samples were obtained and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted cagA and 16s rRNA was performed. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeted ureC gene was developed to accurately detect H. pylori in water samples. Results: The prevalence of ureC by PCR, ureC by LAMP and 16s rRNA by PCR were 26.67%, 38%, and 61.67%, respectively. Among 24 samples (40%), 1 of the 2 tests was positive. The prevalence of cagA gene among ureC positive, 16s rRNA positive and all samples were 18.75%, 13.51%, and 10%, respectively. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori contamination in drinking water was considerably higher using LAMP compared with PCR. It is noteworthy that some H. pylori positive samples were also positive for Caga.

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Plural Transformation-Processes from Spiral to Coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its Viability

Cited by 64 publications

References 15 publications

Lack of Stage-Specific Proteins in Coccoid Helicobacter pylori Cells

Lack of Stage-Specific Proteins in Coccoid Helicobacter pylori Cells

Helicobacter pylori Accumulates Photoactive Porphyrins and Is Killed by Visible Light

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

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