Plummets, public ceremonies, and interaction networks during the Woodland period in Florida

Genetic Patterns of Zamia in Florida Are Consistent with Ancient Human Influence and Recent Near Extirpation

“…explanation for these relationshipsand this network of genetic relationships (Fig. 6) closely aligns with the material relationships of Woodland Period peoples (Thompson et al 2017).…”

“…First, CR is the most central node in the network analyses of FST data (Fig. 6), showing connectivity to more populations than any other nodea result closely aligning with trade networks resolved by the archeological record (Thompson et al 2017). At automatic thresholding for this network (Fig.…”

“…The site is known for the large number of nonlocal artifacts recovered Thompson, 2013, Pluckhahn et al, 2010). Network analyses of archaeological material throughout Florida support a strong central position for the Crystal River site among other shell middens (Thompson et al 2017). Zamia pollen has also been recovered at Crystal River in strata corresponding to 625 AD to present (Jackson and Pluckhahn 2019).…”

“…Crystal River Preserve State Park (CR) includes one of the most well-studied shell midden complexes from the 1000 BC to 1000 AD Woodland Period, with mounds of monumental design and scope (Thompson and Pluckhahn 2010), and documented ecological conversion dating back to at least that period (Duke 2015). The Crystal River site served as a central gathering point for dispersed communities, drawing in distant peoples as a civic or ceremonial center (Kemp 2015, Thompson et al 2017, and helped maintain or control interregional exchange of material (Goad 1978). The site is known for the large number of nonlocal artifacts recovered Thompson, 2013, Pluckhahn et al, 2010).…”

Building the Ohio Hopewell Chronology: An Incremental Approach to Historical Reckoning

“…Although it is notable that Liberty and Seip bear a number of strong constructional similarities, Seip provides the later series, primarily because activities there continued after those at Liberty had ended. The ending of activities at Seip circa 1640 14 C years BP, or 355–500 AD as modeled, is consistent with the presence of certain object stylizations, including steatite Copena-style pipes and also plummets similar to those found at Crystal River, Cincinnati, and Mann Mound 3 (Thompson et al 2017:202). The six Turner dates, although a small sample, suggest that site differences when compared to Scioto Valley centers may have more to do with distance than time, contrary to previous discussions based in large part on artifact styles that have placed Turner as the latest of the major site centers (Prufer 1968:148–149; Ruhl 1996).…”