Plume Winter Scenario for Biosphere Catastrophe: The Permo-Triassic Boundary Case

Massive volcanism at the Permian–Triassic boundary and its impact on the isotopic composition of the ocean and atmosphere

“…Renne et al, 1995;Berner, 2002;Korte et al, 2004a;Sephton et al, 2005) for this isotope pattern. Additional discussion is available in Erwin et al (2002), Kump (2003), Corsetti et al (2005), Racki and Wignall (2005), Erwin (2006), Isozaki (2007, 2009), Twitchett (2007 and Korte and Kozur (Submitted for publication).…”

“…Lo et al (2002) assumed that the Emeishan flood magmatism of China was contemporaneous with the Siberian Trap volcanism, but most authors consider it to have occurred around the Guadalupian-Lopinginan boundary (e.g. Chung et al, 1998;Wignall, 2001;Zhou et al, 2002;Isozaki, 2007Isozaki, , 2009, suggesting that the impact of volcanic activity at the P-T boundary might have been extensive, the more so that the major pulse of explosive felsic volcanism occurred also in the latest Permian C. meishanensis-H. praeparvus Zone in South China. This volcanism was also related to the P-T boundary main extinction event (Yin et al, 1992;Kozur, 1998aKozur, ,b, 2007.…”

Stratigraphic significance of carbon isotope variations in the shallow-marine Seis/Siusi Permian–Triassic boundary section (Southern Alps, Italy)

“…It is most likely that more than one trigger was responsible for the --4 to --7 ‰ negative excursion (e.g., Renne et al 1995;Berner 2002;Korte et al 2004a;Sephton et al 2005). Factors that might at this time have affected the global carbon cycle and other aspects of the Earth system, are discussed extensively (e.g., Erwin et al 2002;Benton 2003;Benton & Twitchett 2003;Kump 2003;Corsetti et al 2005;Racki & Wignall 2005;Erwin 2006;Isozaki 2007;Twitchett 2007;Wignall 2007;). …”

Comment on “Evaluation of palaeo-oxygenation of the ocean bottom cross the Permian–Triassic boundary” by Kakuwa (2008): Was the Late Permian deep-superocean really oxic?

“…Instead, the interpretation of Kato et al (2002) that "the anoxic condition prevailed in the deep-sea pelagic regions for an extremely long period, much more than 10 Myr, from the middle Late Permian to early Early Triassic" still stands. On the basis of chemostratigraphic data, Isozaki (2007) and Isozaki et al (2007) recently speculated that the superanoxic ocean stagnation probably had started slightly earlier than the G-LB when the global climate changed its mode from cooling to warming.…”