Plume Rise Estimates for Electric Generating Stations

Improving Plume Rise Prediction Accuracy for Stable Atmospheres with Complex Vertical Structure

“…Most empirical equations do not even consider atmospheric stability and are thus not suitable. 5 Neither are formulas similar to Eq. 1 since they have been derived by assuming vertically uniform stability and wind speed.…”

Evaluation of empirical atmospheric diffusion data

“…Project Sandstorm (Taylor, 1965) sampled materials from high temperature rocket exhausts. The extensive TVA data (Gartrell et al 1964;Carpenter et al, 1968;Thomas et al, 1970) are for SO2 from buoyant stack releases. The Dallas Tower Studies (MacCready et al, 1961) and many others sponsored by Dugway Proving Grounds (Shearer and Minott, 1976) used aerial line releases which were initially mixed by entrainment in the wake of the dispersal aircraft or incorporated instantaneous, rather than continuous, releases of tracer.…”

Principal Plume Dispersion Models: TVA Power Plants

“…The data also showed an outward spread of the plume during inversion breakup. This outward spread, a vn attributed to the increased wind direction fluctuation, was empirically related to the effective stack height, H e , and the crosswind standard deviation, a v for inversion conditions as: 0.47 (5) The distance, £ max , from the source to the point of initial breakup of the plume where x max occurs, is based 3 -10 ' 11 on the time required for elimination of the inversion condition from that portion of the plume that was emitted into the stable air immediately prior to the time the surface-based mixing developed to stack-top level. This distance, usually 15-30 km from the source, is expressed as:…”